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1.
An Med Interna ; 18(4): 175-80, 2001 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11496535

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, prevalence, treatment modalities and prognosis of diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy. MATERIAL: We studied all end-stage renal failure (ESRF) diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy in "Area Sanitaria 1" in Madrid from 1978 to 1998. RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus has become the leading cause of ESRF in our health area of Madrid, 30% of all causes of ESRF. Incidence of diabetics beginning RRT was 33.3 per million population (pmp) in 1998, while in 1993-94 diabetes was 15% and 21 pmp, respectively, table 1. The proportion of diabetics on RRT has increased from 7.4% 1986 to 12.7% 1998. The prevalence of diabetics on RRT in 1998 was 135 pmp, with an overall prevalence of 1054 pmp. At the mean time, the proportion between incident diabetics type 2/diabetics on RRT has increased from 15% in 1987-88, to 54% in 1993-94 and to 81% in 1997-98, consequently, mean age of diabetic patients at beginning RRT has increased from 47 years before 1988, 58 in 1989-90, 61 in 1993-94, 62 in 1995-96 and 63 in 1997-98 (Table I). We studied 182 diabetics admitted for renal replacement therapy, 106 males and 76 females, 105 were diabetics type 1 and 77 type 2. Their mean age at RRT beginning was 57.12 years (SD). Hemodialysis (HD) was the first modality of treatment for 128 (70%) diabetics and CAPD for 54. Seventy out of 128 patients on HD were dialyzed in the Hospital Unit, 40% on AFB (acetate free biofiltration) and 58 in two Satellite Units, that means a higher proportion of diabetics on CAPD and on HD in Hospital Unit. Diabetics allocated to CAPD were 5 years, as mean, younger than patients allocated to HD (p < 0.01) and the proportion of diabetes type 1 was higher in CAPD (72%) than in HD (51%), p 0.05. During the mean follow-up period (51.45 months) 79 patients changed their treatment modality and 45 of them received a kidney allogral. Relative risk of drop-out was higher in CAPD technique when compared to HD. Clinical complications were frequently observed: ocular (77%), cardiovascular (Myocardial infarction 1.7%), acute cerebrovascular disease (21%) and distal angiopathy (35%), 10% amputee. At December of 1998, 89 patients were dead. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (29%) and Infections (27%) were the two most frequent causes of death. Unknown-origin deaths represent 19% of all deaths. The overall survival (Kaplan Meier) was 92%, 80%, 72%, 61% and 54% at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively (57 patients completed last period). Survival was better on HD than on CAPD, but without statistical significance, although the significant difference in age and in proportion of diabetes type 2 between both groups. Data analysis estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression shows that younger age and ki,r transplantation had a positive independent effect on survival, whik clinical distal angiopathy had important negative effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus has become the leading case of ESRF in our health area of Madrid. Young age and kidney transplantation had a positive independent effect on survival, while clinical distal angiopathy had important negative effect.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Replacement Therapy , Spain/epidemiology , Survival Analysis
2.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 18(4): 175-180, abr. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-8286

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar la incidencia, prevalencia, tipo de tratamiento y pronóstico de pacientes diabéticos en tratamiento sustitutivo de la función renal (TSFR).Material: Se estudia a todos los pacientes diabéticos con insuficiencia renal terminal en TSFR en el Área Sanitaria 1 de Madrid desde 1978 hasta 1998.Resultados: La diabetes mellitus se ha convertido en la principal causa de insuficiencia renal terminal en nuestra área sanitaria, constituyendo en la actualidad el 30 por ciento de todas las causas de entrada en TSFR. La incidencia de diabéticos que comenzaron en 1998 TSFR fue de 33,3 pmp, claramente superior a la del periodo 1993-94, 21 pmp. La prevalencia de pacientes diabéticos en TSFR en 1998 fue de 135 pmp, con una prevalencia global de 1054 pmp. Se ha incrementado la proporción de diabéticos tipo 2 con respecto al global de pacientes diabéticos que inician tratamiento sustitutivo, pasando de ser un 15 por ciento en 1987-88 a un 81 por ciento en 1997-98. De manera simultánea, se ha incrementado la edad media de dichos pacientes, pasando de ser 47 años antes de 1988 a 63 años en 1997-98. En total se estudian 182 diabéticos, 106 hombres y 76 mujeres. 105 eran diabéticos tipo 1 y 77 tipo 2, con una edad media al comienzo del TSFR de 57 12 años.La hemodiálisis (HD) fue la primera modalidad de tratamiento en 128 pacientes y la diálisis peritoneal (DP) en 54. Los pacientes que iniciaban DP eran 5 años más jóvenes que los que iniciaban HD, p<0,01, con una mayor proporción de diabéticos tipo 1, 72 por ciento en DP frente a un 51 por ciento en HD, p<0,05. El periodo de seguimiento fue 51 45 meses y durante éste, 79 pacientes cambiaron su modalidad de tratamiento y 45 de los cuales recibieron un trasplante renal (TxR). Las principales complicaciones observadas fueron las oftalmológicas, 77 por ciento, seguidas de la vasculopatía periférica con un 35 por ciento de casos (10 por ciento de amputados). Los accidentes cerebrovasculares y el infarto agudo de miocardio acontecieron en un 21 y 17 por ciento de casos respectivamente. A lo largo del periodo de estudio, murieron 89 pacientes. Las enfermedades cerebro y cardiovasculares constituyeron la causa más frecuente (29 por ciento), seguida de las infecciones (27 por ciento). La supervivencia total fue de 92, 80, 72, 61 y 54 por ciento en el 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 años respectivamente.La supervivencia fue mejor en HD que en DP, aunque sin alcanzar significación estadística. La menor edad y el TxR eran variables con efecto independiente positivo en la supervivencia, mientras que la vasculopatía distal tenía un importante efecto negativo.Conclusiones: Se comprueba un alarmante aumento en la incidencia de diabéticos tipo 2 que inician TSF. El TxR es la técnica con mejores resultados. (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Survival Analysis , Renal Replacement Therapy , Diabetic Nephropathies , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
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