ABSTRACT
Epidemiologic studies of prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in Omsk region during a period of 15 years showed 1.6-fold increase of population seropositivity to CMV with rate of increase +2.94. In recent years antibodies to CMV were detected in 90.3 - 94.8% of cases. Diagnostics of innate and acquired CMVI was improved. Feasibility of detection of infectious process activity during complex use of new laboratory methods (IgA detection, assessment of IgG avidity, IgG to individual antigens in immunoblotting as well as detection of DNA and "early phase" viral ptoteins) was demonstrated. High rates of infection in population determine the necessity of revision of strategy for examination of children and adults, including screening of pregnant woman, on this infection.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Child, Preschool , Cytomegalovirus/genetics , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood , DNA, Viral/analysis , DNA, Viral/genetics , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Epidemiological Monitoring , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Siberia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Sreening data obtained on babies aged under one and selected by random (1,910 children) or target (2,658 children) choice for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the period of 10 years (1992-2001) were compared with mortality rate. The methods used were enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. The babies were divided as follows: newborn infants (group I), babies aged 1-3 months (group II), 4-6 months (group III) and 7-12 months (group IV). Specific clinical features of CMV infection in newborn infants were studied on 69 cases (37--with CMV monoinfection and 32--with mixed infection). The serological screening revealed a 2.1-fold growth of the infection rate among randomly selected newborn infants during the 10 year period. Positive correlation between the infection rate among children of this age group and the neonatal mortality rate was established. High risk factors of CMV infection were revealed as well as increased infection rate and frequency of clinical cases with the prevailing neurological pathology in group III. Early diagnosis, the exclusion of mixed infections and early adequate therapy were shown to play a decisive role in the outcome of the disease. The algorithm of epidemiological surveillance and the regional program of prophylaxis were worked out.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Age Factors , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antigens, Viral/blood , Cytomegalovirus/genetics , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/mortality , Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , DNA, Viral/blood , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Mass Screening , Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Siberia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
As revealed in the realization of the epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in different types of hospital, MRSA strains causing purulent inflammatory diseases belong to different clones. The complex marking of MRSA made it possible to determine the presence of the same clone in different hospitals and to detect the outbreaks of hospital infections caused by different clones of MRSA in one hospital. It was found necessary to supplement the commercial international phage-typing set with pages permitting the detection of the specific system of restriction-modification in MRSA.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Methicillin Resistance , Population Surveillance , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteriophage Typing , Cross Infection/microbiology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Russia/epidemiology , Seasons , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
A comprehensive intraspecies typing of the cultures of MRSA collected during inspection of drug resistance in causative agents of intrahospital infections was performed. The following parameters were investigated: antibiotic resistance, toxin production, sensitivity to the phages of the International Set and the phages of an experimental collection providing the isolation of strains with definite specificity of the restriction-modification system. Different clones of methicillin resistant S. aureus were found to be circulating on the territory of the CIS.
Subject(s)
Methicillin Resistance/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Bacteriophages/physiology , Species Specificity , Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Staphylococcus aureus/virologyABSTRACT
The serological method (indirect hemagglutination test) has been used in the surveillance of diphtheria infection. The structure of immunity to diphtheria in the population of the region has been studied. The possibility of increasing intervals between booster immunizations has been confirmed. The introduction of planned booster immunizations of the adult population with diphtheria toxoid is proposed.
