Acurácia do VES-13 em um ambulatório geriátrico de referência / Accuracy of VES-13 in a geriatric outpatient clinic / Exactitud del VES-13 en un ambulatorio geriatrico de derivación

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a acurácia do Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) em um ambulatório geriátrico de referência. Este é um estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência constituída por idosos (? 60 anos) em um ambulatório geriátrico de referência. O escore do VES-13, aplicado pelos pesquisadores, foi comparado com os estratos da Classificação Clínico Funcional (CCF), realizada pelas equipes assistentes. Após análise descritiva das variáveis, a acurácia do VES-13 foi calculada em diversos pontos de cortes. Foram avaliados 110 idosos, com idade entre 62 e 99 anos, média de 77,6 (±8.5) anos e predominância feminina (75,5%). A fragilidade esteve presente em 75,5% da amostra (CCF ? 6) e associada ao sexo feminino pelo VES-13 (RP = 2,28; IC 95%: 1,24-4,14), mas não pela CCF (RP = 1,02; IC 95%: 0,79-1,32). Pontos de corte reduzidos apresentaram sensibilidade elevada, sendo maior no escore ? 2 (96,4%). O escore do VES-13 ? 7 obteve o melhor balanço entre a sensibilidade e especificidade (respectivamente 63,86% e 59,26%). O valor preditivo positivo (VPP) foi de aproximadamente 80% em todos os cortes, possivelmente devido à alta prevalência de fragilidade na amostra. Em conclusão, reitera-se a acurácia do VES-13 na identificação dos idosos robustos (VES-13 ? 2), que podem ser manejados exclusivamente na atenção primária à saúde (APS) e dos idosos frágeis (VES-13 ? 7), que devem ser encaminhados para atenção especializada. O subgrupo intermediário (VES-13 entre 3 e 6) necessita de avaliação adicional para melhor definição da sua condição, configurando-se assim uma estratégia de hierarquização da atenção integral à saúde do idoso.

This study aims to assess the accuracy of the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) in a geriatric reference center. This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of older adults (? 60 years) in a geriatric outpatient clinic. The VES-13 score, applied by the researchers, was compared with the strata of the Clinical Functional Classification (CCF), performed by the assistant teams. After descriptive analysis of the variables, the accuracy of the VES-13 was calculated at several cutoff points. A group of 110 individuals were evaluated, aged between 62 and 99 years, with an average of 77.6 (±8.5) years and female predominance (75.5%). Frailty was present in 75.5% of the sample (CCF ? 6) and associated with females by VES-13 (PR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.24-4.14), but not by CCF (PR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.79-1.32). Reduced cutoff points showed high sensitivity, higher at score ? 2 (96.4%). The VES-13 score ? 7 obtained the best balance between sensitivity and specificity (63.86% and 59.26%, respectively). The positive predictive value (PPV) was approximately 80% at all cutoffs, possibly due to the high prevalence of frailty in the sample. In conclusion, the accuracy of the VES-13 to identify robust older people (VES-13 ? 2), who can be accompanied exclusively in primary health care (PHC), and fragile older people (VES-13 ? 7), who must be referred to specialized care, is reiterated. The intermediate subgroup (VES-13 between 3 and 6), needs additional assessment to better define their condition, thus configuring a hierarchical comprehensive strategy of health care for older adults.

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la exactitud de Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) en un centro geriátrico de derivación. Este es un estudio transversal, con una muestra de conveniencia de personas mayores (? 60 años) en un centro geriátrico de derivación. La puntuación de VES-13 fue aplicada por los investigadores y se comparó con los estratos de la Clasificación Clínica Funcional (CCF), realizada por los equipos asistentes. Después del análisis descriptivo de las variables, se calculó la precisión del VES-13 en varios puntos de corte. Se evaluaron a 110 ancianos, con edades entre 62 y 99 años, promedio de edad de 77,6 (± 8,5) años y predominio del sexo femenino (75,5%). La fragilidad estuvo presente en el 75,5% de la muestra (CCF ? 6) y se asoció con las mujeres por VES-13 (RP = 2,28; IC del 95%: 1,24-4,14), pero no por la CCF (RP = 1,02; IC del 95%: 0,79-1,32). Los puntos de corte con reducción mostraron una alta sensibilidad, con una puntuación ? 2 (96,4%). La puntuación VES-13 ? 7 obtuvo el mejor equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad (63,86% y 59,26%, respectivamente). El valor predictivo positivo (VPP) fue aproximadamente el 80% en todos los cortes, posiblemente debido a la alta prevalencia de fragilidad en la muestra. Se reitera la exactitud del VES-13 para identificar ancianos robustos (VES-13 ? 2), que pueden ser manejados exclusivamente en atención primaria de salud (APS) y ancianos frágiles (VES-13 ? 7), que deben ser derivados a atención especializada. Se necesita evaluar más el subgrupo intermedio (VES-13 de 3 a 6) para definir mejor su condición, configurando así una estrategia jerárquica para la atención integral de la salud del adulto mayor.

Impairment of quality of life due to anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain / Comprometimento da qualidade de vida por ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com dor crônica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain causes functional and social disability, resulting in emotional impact. This study's objective was to describe the main impairments of activities of daily living, anxious and depressive symptoms, and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with chronic pain outpatients. Analysis of clinical and sociodemographic variables, as well as activities of daily living. Assessment of pain, anxious and depressive symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life by the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire and data analysis by the SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: The study observed limitations in work, movement, leisure and home activities, quality of life below the median and worse for the physical and emotional domains. Sleep was very impaired, followed by partial difficulty with appetite and sexual activity. Although they had anxious and depressive symptoms, most participants were moderately satisfied with their treatment. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain has a very significant impact on quality of life, impairing and limiting daily activities more intensely in individuals with anxious and depressive symptoms.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Dor crônica acarreta incapacidade funcional e social, impactando emocionalmente os indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os principais comprometimentos das atividades de vida diária, sintomas ansiosos e depressivos e qualidade de vida em pacientes com dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com pacientes de ambulatório de dor crônica. Análise das variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas, assim como das atividades de vida diária. Avaliação de dor, de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos pela Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, de qualidade de vida pelo questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey e a análise dos dados no programa estatístico SPSS. RESULTADOS: Foi evidenciada limitação para o trabalho, movimento, lazer e atividade domiciliar, qualidade de vida abaixo da mediana e pior para os domínios aspectos físicos e emocionais. O sono foi muito comprometido, seguido de dificuldade parcial para apetite e atividade sexual. Embora apresentassem sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, a maioria dos participantes estavam moderadamente satisfeitos com o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A dor crônica impacta de forma muito significativa na qualidade de vida, comprometendo e limitando as atividades diárias de modo mais intenso nos portadores de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos.

The possible benefits of vitamin D in COVID-19.

Molecular studies have demonstrated the importance of the exacerbated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, called the cytokine storm, in more severe COVID-19. The pathophysiology is complex and involves several homeostatic factors; among them, a deficit of vitamin D draws attention because of its high frequency in the population. Some evidence suggests that people with low serum vitamin D levels have worse outcomes, often requiring intensive care. This review analyzed the studies available in the global literature addressing the benefits of vitamin D in COVID-19, relating serum levels to the severity of the disease, and indicating vitamin D as a possible prophylactic and therapy in infection.

Influence of nutritional assistance on mortality by COVID-19 in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Evidence suggests the existence of an association between the institution of nutritional therapy and clinical outcomes in patients with critical COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nutritional assistance on COVID-19 mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). METHODS: This is a subset of the cohort "Influence of nutritional therapy on clinical prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective cohort study". Clinical and nutrition assistance information (type of assistance, evaluation of anthropometric status, and time of introduction of nutritional therapy) and presence of diabetes, hypertension and previous respiratory disease were collected from electronic medical records. To evaluate the association between the variables of interest and mortality, the hazard ratio was estimated. RESULTS: We evaluated 153 critically ill patients ≥18 years old, affected by COVID-19, with a rate of mortality of 77.8%. Among non survivors 58.8% were female, 52.9% aged <65 years, 66.4% had arterial hypertension, 46.2% diabetes mellitus and 81.5% had an early onset of nutritional support. Initiation of nutritional therapy after 48 h (HR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.57-4.20) and the presence of obesity (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.04-2.31) were associated with higher mortality, even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that the provision of early nutritional therapy should be prioritized, with greater attention directed to obese patients, and the nutritional assistance can contribute favorably to the clinical evolution and prognosis of critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Thyroid Hormone Levels During Hospital Admission Inform Disease Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Illness severity in patients infected with COVID-19 is variable. Methods: Here, we conducted an observational, longitudinal, and prospective cohort study to investigate serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels in adult COVID-19 patients, admitted between June and August 2020, and to determine whether they reflect the severity or mortality associated with the disease. Results: Two hundred forty-five patients [median age: 62 (49-75) years] were stratified into non-critical (181) and critically ill (64) groups. Fifty-eight patients (23.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 41 (16.7%) died. Sixteen (6.5%) exhibited isolated low levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3). fT3 levels were lower in critically ill compared with non-critical patients [fT3: 2.82 (2.46-3.29) pg/mL vs. 3.09 (2.67-3.63) pg/mL, p = 0.007]. Serum reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was mostly elevated but less so in critically ill compared with non-critical patients [rT3: 0.36 (0.28-0.56) ng/mL vs. 0.51 (0.31-0.67) ng/mL, p = 0.001]. The univariate logistic regression revealed correlation between in-hospital mortality and serum fT3 levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI 0.29-0.74]; p = 0.0019), rT3 levels (OR: 0.09; [CI 0.01-0.49]; p = 0.006) and the product fT3 × rT3 (OR: 0.47; [CI 0.28-0.74]; p = 0.0026). Serum thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and fT3/rT3 values were not significantly associated with mortality and severity of the disease. A serum cutoff level of fT3 (≤2.6 pg/mL) and rT3 (≤0.38 ng/mL) was associated with 3.46 and 5.94 OR of mortality, respectively. We found three COVID-19 mortality predictors using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC score): serum fT3 (AUC = 0.66), rT3 (AUC = 0.64), and the product of serum fT3 × rT3 (AUC = 0.70). Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (fT3 < 2.0 pg/mL) was associated with a 7.05 OR of mortality ([CI 1.78-28.3], p = 0.005) and the product rT3 × fT3 ≤ 1.29 with an 8.08 OR of mortality ([CI 3.14-24.2], p < 0.0001). Conclusions: This prospective study reports data on the largest number of hospitalized moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients and correlates serum TH levels with illness severity, mortality, and other biomarkers to critical illness. The data revealed the importance of early assessment of thyroid function in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, given the good prognostic value of serum fT3, rT3, and fT3 × rT3 product. Further studies are necessary to confirm these observations.

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in severely obese subjects referred to bariatric surgery / Prevalência de hipovitaminose D em obesos graves encaminhados à cirurgia bariátrica

ABSTRACT: Study Design: Cross-sectional. Objective: Estimating the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a group of severely obese subjects referred to bariatric surgery. Methods: This study evaluated severely obese patients aged ≥18 years assisted by a specialized team in bariatric surgery. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained from patient records. Plasma 25 (OH) D was determined by chemiluminescence and levels ≤ 20 ng/mL was considered as Hypovitaminosis D. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences® (SPSS) 20.0. Variables were described using descriptive statistics. For the comparison of the three groups, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson's chi-square tests were used. Spearman correlation test was performed to assess correlations between 25(OH)D and the other variables. P-values <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: The study included 400 individuals, 71% were female with the mean age (SD) and BMI (SD) of 35.6 (9.1) years and 41.4 (5.1) kg/m², respectively. The vitamin D ranged from 4.5 to 62.4 ng/mL and the mean (SD) was 24.7 (7.9) ng/mL. In this sample, 117 (29.3%) individuals had hypovitaminosis D. There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and BMI (r= -0.110; p=0.028) and parathormone (r= -0.152; p=0.006) and positive correlation with serum calcium (r= 0.132; p=0.013) and phosphorus (r= 0.116; p=0.027). Conclusion: Severely obese subjects had a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D even living in a sunny state. (AU)

RESUMO Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência da hipovitaminose D em um grupo de obesos graves encaminhados à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Foram estudados obesos atendidos por uma equipe especializada em cirurgia bariátrica, com 18 anos ou mais de ambos os sexos. Dados clínicos, antropométricos e laboratoriais foram obtidos dos prontuários dos pacientes. A 25 (OH) D plasmática foi determinada por quimiolu-minescência e valores ≤20 ng/mL foram considerados como hipovitaminose D. Os dados foram analisados utilizan-do o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS) 20.0. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para apresentação das variáveis e para comparação dos três grupos foram utilizados os testes: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis e qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foram considerados estatisticamente significantes valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Foram estudados 400 pacientes, 71% do sexo feminino, com média (DP) de idade e IMC 35,6 (9,1) anos e 41,4 (5,1) kg/m², respec-tivamente. A vitamina D variou de 4,5 a 62,4ng/mL com média (DP) de 24,7 (7,9) ng/mL. Na amostra, 117 (29.3%) dos pacientes apresentaram hipovitaminose D. Houve correlação negativa entre 25 (OH) D e IMC (r = -0,110; p = 0,028) e paratormônio (r = -0,152; p=0,006) e correlação positiva com cálcio sérico (r=0,132; p = 0,013) e fósforo (r=0,116; p=0,027). Conclusão: Os obesos graves apresentaram alta prevalência de hipovitaminose D, mesmo vivendo em um estado ensolarado.

Percepção de cuidadores quanto aos riscos de acidentes na infância / Perception of caregivers as to the risk of accidents in childhood

Objetivo: compreender como cuidadores de crianças menores de dez anos percebem os riscos de acidentes no ambiente doméstico. Metodologia: estudo do tipo transversal. Foram entrevistados 60 (sessenta) responsáveis por alunos de uma escola pública municipal. A coleta de dados ocorreu em dezembro de 2014 e de julho a outubro de 2015. Resultados: quanto à amostra houve a prevalência de mulheres entre 18 e 40 anos de idade, com companheiro e ensino médio. A maior parte relatou não trabalhar e possuir renda média familiar de até 1 salário mínimo. A percepção geral dos entrevistados foi a de que a queda é o acidente não letal mais comum e o acidente automobilístico é o que causa mais mortes de crianças no país. Afirmaram ainda que os maiores riscos em casa são a queda seguida da queimadura, mas apenas uma pequena parcela acreditava que os riscos são passíveis de prevenção. Conclusão: acidentes com crianças em casa ainda são subestimados e pouco valorizados pelos adultos. Assim é fundamental que esforços sejam empreendidos para conscientizar os cuidadores quanto ao tema e a necessidade do seu comprometimento para que haja uma efetiva redução desses índices no país.

Objective: to understand how carers of children under ten perceive the risks of accidents in the domestic environment. Methodology: cross-sectional study. Were interviewed 60 (sixty) responsible by students of a municipal public school. The data were collected during the periods of December 2014 and from July to October 2015. Results: as for the sample, there was a prevalence of women between 18 and 40 years of age, with partner and high school. Most reported not working and owning average family income of up to 1 minimum wage. The general perception of the interviewees was that the fall is the most common non-fatal accident and the automobile accident is what causes the most child deaths in the country. They also said that the biggest risks at home are the fall followed by the burn, but only a small portion believed that the risks are preventable. Conclusion: accidents with children at home are still underestimated and undervalued by adults. Thus, it is fundamental that efforts be made to educate caregivers about the theme and the need for their commitment so that there is an effective reduction of these indices in the country

Qualidade de vida e funcionalidade nos pacientes com desordens do manguito rotador / Quality of life and functionality in patients with rotator cuff disorders

OBJETIVO: Verificar se existe correlação entre os domínios da qualidade de vida e a funcionalidade nos pacientes com desordens do manguito rotador. MÉTODO: Estudo do tipo transversal com 109 pacientes avaliados entre outubro 2013 e fevereiro 2014. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário WORC, e as escalas UCLA e ASES para avaliação da funcionalidade. RESULTADO: Amostra de 73 mulheres e 36 homens (média de idade: 52,3 anos+12,8). O ombro avaliado foi o direito em 63 pacientes (57,8%). O WORC apresentou correlação positiva alta com as escalas UCLA (r= 0,73) e ASES (r= 0,77). Ao analisar o WORC verificou-se correlação mais forte com a UCLA no domínio "Trabalho" (r=0,74), e menor no domínio "Esporte/Recreação" (r= 0,67). Quando comparado o WORC com a ASES identificou-se a maior correlação com o domínio "Trabalho" (r= 0,79) e menor correlação com o domínio "Emoções" (r= 0,64). CONCLUSÃO: Alterações na funcionalidade, frequentes nestas desordens, impactam na qualidade de vida em especial no domínio "Trabalho".

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between different domains of quality of life and functionality in patients with rotator cuff disorders. METHODS: Cross sectional study with 109 patients evaluated between October 2013 and February 2014. The WORC questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life, and the UCLA and ASES scales to evaluate functionality. RESULTS: The sample included 73 female and 36 males (mean age 52,3+12,8 years). The right shoulder was evaluated in 63 patients (57,8%). There was a high positive correlation between the WORC results and the UCLA (r= 0,73) and ASES (r= 0,77) scales. There was a stronger correlation between the WORC and the UCLA in the "Work" domain (r= 0,74), and a weaker correlation in the "Sport/Recreation" domain (r= 0,67). When comparing the WORC with the ASES scale, a higher correlation was identified with the "Work" domain (r=0,79) and a lower correlation with the "Emotions" domain (r= 0,64). CONCLUSION: Alterations in functionality, frequent in RCD, have a considerable impact in the quality of life in special to the "Work" domain.

Associação da Força de Preensão Palmar com indicadores clínicos e nutricionais em pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica em tratamento não dialítico / Association of the Handgrip strength with clinical and nutritional indicatorsin patients with chronic renal disease on non-dialysis treatment

INTRODUÇÃO: A Força de Preensão Palmar (FPP) é um método simples, confiável e tem sido sugerida para o diagnóstico de perda funcional do músculo. Contudo, são escassos os estudos que associe a FPP com medidas nutricionais em pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) em tratamento não-dialítico. OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação da FPP e aspectos clínicos e nutricionais de pacientes com DRC em tratamento não-dialítico. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no Ambulatório de Nutrição e Nefrologia de um Hospital Universitário de referência na Bahia. Foram avaliados 87 pacientes nos estágios 2-4 de DRC não-dialítico. FPP foi avaliada no braço não dominante. Os valores obtidos foram comparados com um padrão de referência nacional. Foram registrados dados antropométricos, clínicos, laboratoriais e parâmetros de composição corporal. RESULTADOS: Indivíduos com baixa FPP tinham menor tempo de DRC, ângulo de fase, massa corporal magra, massa celular corporal, hemoglobina, e maiores valores de PCR e maior idade (p ≤ 0,05). No sexo feminino, pacientes com baixa força apresentaram maior idade e tinham menores níveis de hemoglobina, ureia e diagnóstico de Diabetes (p ≤ 0,05). Quanto ao sexo masculino apresentaram maior idade, menor IMC, CMB, MCM, MCC, taxa de filtração glomerular e ângulo de fase (p ≤ 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A FPP apresentou forte correlação com a Massa Corporal Magra (MCM) e Massa Celular Corporal (MCC) sugerindo que esta ferramenta pode ser utilizada para predizer perda de massa magra em pacientes com DRC não dialítica

INTRODUCTION: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple and reliable method with has been suggested for the diagnosis of functional loss of muscle. However, there are few studies that associate HGS with nutritional measures in patients with chronic renal disease (CKD) in nondialysis-dependent. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of HGS and clinical and nutritional aspects of patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study patients performed at the Clinic of Nutrition and Nephrology of a University Hospital of reference in Bahia. We evaluated 99 patients in stages 2-4 of nondialysis-dependent CKD. FPP was evaluated in the non-dominant arm. The values obtained were compared with a national reference standard. Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory and body composition parameters were recorded. RESULTS: Subjects with low FPP had shorter time for CKD, phase angle, lean body mass (MCM), body cell mass (MCC), hemoglobin, and higher CRP values and older age (p < 0.05). Regardless of sex, individuals with low FPP were older (p < 0.01). No sexo feminino, pacientes com baixa força tinham menores níveis de hemoglobina, ureia e maior prevalência de diabetes mellitus (p < 0,05). As for males, the lower FPP was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (CMB), MCM, MCC, glomerular filtration rate and phase angle (p < 0.05). The FPP correlated positively with MCC and MCM (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that FPP can be used to predict loss of lean mass in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD

No disponible

Lung function in the absence of respiratory symptoms in overweight children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To describe lung function findings in overweight children and adolescents without respiratory disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving male and female overweight children and adolescents in the 8-18 year age bracket, without respiratory disease. All of the participants underwent anthropometric assessment, chest X-ray, pulse oximetry, spirometry, and lung volume measurements. Individuals with respiratory disease were excluded, as were those who were smokers, those with abnormal chest X-rays, and those with an SpO2 = 92%. Waist circumference was measured in centimeters. The body mass index-for-age Z score for boys and girls was used in order to classify the individuals as overweight, obese, or severely obese. Lung function variables were expressed in percentage of the predicted value and were correlated with the anthropometric indices. RESULTS: We included 59 individuals (30 males and 29 females). The mean age was 11.7 ± 2.7 years. Lung function was normal in 21 individuals (35.6%). Of the 38 remaining individuals, 19 (32.2%), 15 (25.4%), and 4 (6.7%) presented with obstructive, restrictive, and mixed ventilatory disorder, respectively. The bronchodilator response was positive in 15 individuals (25.4%), and TLC measurements revealed that all of the individuals with reduced VC had restrictive ventilatory disorder. There were significant negative correlations between the anthropometric indices and the Tiffeneau index in the individuals with mixed ventilatory disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Lung function was abnormal in approximately 65% of the individuals evaluated here, all of whom were overweight. Obstructive ventilatory disorder and positive bronchodilator response predominated.

Lung function in the absence of respiratory symptoms in overweight children and adolescents / Função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes sem sintomas respiratórios e com excesso de peso / Função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes sem sintomas respiratórios e com excesso de peso

OBJECTIVE: To describe lung function findings in overweight children and adolescents without respiratory disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving male and female overweight children and adolescents in the 8-18 year age bracket, without respiratory disease. All of the participants underwent anthropometric assessment, chest X-ray, pulse oximetry, spirometry, and lung volume measurements. Individuals with respiratory disease were excluded, as were those who were smokers, those with abnormal chest X-rays, and those with an SpO2 = 92%. Waist circumference was measured in centimeters. The body mass index-for-age Z score for boys and girls was used in order to classify the individuals as overweight, obese, or severely obese. Lung function variables were expressed in percentage of the predicted value and were correlated with the anthropometric indices. RESULTS: We included 59 individuals (30 males and 29 females). The mean age was 11.7 ± 2.7 years. Lung function was normal in 21 individuals (35.6%). Of the 38 remaining individuals, 19 (32.2%), 15 (25.4%), and 4 (6.7%) presented with obstructive, restrictive, and mixed ventilatory disorder, respectively. The bronchodilator response was positive in 15 individuals (25.4%), and TLC measurements revealed that all of the individuals with reduced VC had restrictive ventilatory disorder. There were significant negative correlations between the anthropometric indices and the Tiffeneau index in the individuals with mixed ventilatory disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Lung function was abnormal in approximately 65% of the individuals evaluated here, all of whom were overweight. Obstructive ventilatory disorder and positive bronchodilator response predominated. .

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados de função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes sem doenças respiratórias e com excesso de peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, com excesso de peso e sem doença respiratória, submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, radiografia de tórax, oximetria de pulso, espirometria e medidas de volume pulmonar. Indivíduos com patologias respiratórias, tabagistas ativos, radiografia anormal ou SpO2 = 92% foram excluídos do estudo. A circunferência da cintura foi medida em centímetros. O escore z para índice de massa corpórea/idade e sexo foi utilizado para classificar os indivíduos como com sobrepeso, obesos e obesos graves. As variáveis dos testes de função pulmonar foram expressas em percentual do previsto e correlacionadas com os índices antropométricos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 59 indivíduos (30 meninos e 29 meninas). A média de idade foi de 11,7 ± 2,7 anos. Os resultados dos testes de função pulmonar foram normais em 21 indivíduos (35,6%). Dos 38 indivíduos restantes, 19 (32,2%), 15 (25,4%) e 4 (6,7%) apresentaram, respectivamente, distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo, restritivo e misto. A resposta ao broncodilatador foi positiva em 15 indivíduos (25,4%), e a medida da CPT revelou que todos os indivíduos com CV reduzida apresentavam distúrbio ventilatório restritivo. Houve correlações negativas significantes entre os índices antropométricos e índice de Tiffeneau nos indivíduos com distúrbio ventilatório misto. CONCLUSÕES: A função pulmonar apresentou-se alterada em aproximadamente 65% dos indivíduos com sobrepeso aqui avaliados, predominando distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo ...

Arquitetura do sono e perfil respiratório polissonográfico de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística / Sleep architecture and polysomnographic respiratory profile of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a arquitetura do sono em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística (FC) e com suspeita clínica de distúrbios respiratórios do sono (DRS), e identificar o perfil respiratório polissonográfico desses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Os pais ou responsáveis dos pacientes com FC preencheram um questionário que abordava questões clínicas e relacionadas ao sono. As crianças e adolescentes que foram identificadas com quadro clínico sugestivo de DRS foram submetidas a polissonografia. Após a realização da polissonografia, os pacientes foram agrupados de acordo com o índice de apneia obstrutiva (IA) observado (< 1 ou > 1) e utilizou-se a análise fatorial de correspondência múltipla para análise e identificação dos perfis polissonográficos dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Dos 74 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão para este estudo, 67 foram submetidos à polissonografia; observou-se que 38 (56,7 por cento) dos 67 pacientes apresentaram um IA > 1. A mediana das idades foi de 8 anos. O grupo de pacientes com IA > 1 caracterizou-se por apresentar tempo total de sono (TTS) nos estágios 4 e no REM < 21 e 13 por cento, respectivamente, latência do sono REM > 144 minutos, o percentual de TTS com saturação da oxi-hemoglobina medida por oximetria de pulso (SpO2) < 90 por cento maior que 0,28 segundos e o índice de dessaturação de oxigênio maior que 0,92. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que pacientes pediátricos clinicamente estáveis com FC têm uma alta prevalência de DRS e apresentam frequentes queixas relacionadas ao sono, significativas alterações na sua arquitetura, assim como episódios de dessaturação de oxigênio durante o sono.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sleep architecture in children and adolescents with both cystic fibrosis (CF) and a clinical suspicion of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and to identify the respiratory polysomnographic profile of these patients. METHODS: Parents or guardians of children with CF filled out a questionnaire designed to assess their clinical and sleep conditions. Children who were identified as having behaviors associated with SDB underwent polysomnography. After polysomnography, patients were grouped according to the obstructive apnea index (AI) obtained (either < 1 or > 1), and a multiple correspondence factor analysis was used to analyze and identify the polysomnographic profile of patients. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients who met inclusion criteria for this study, 67 underwent polysomnography, and 38 (56.7 percent) of the 67 patients showed an AI > 1. Median age was 8 years. The group of patients with an AI > 1 was characterized by total sleep time (TST) during stage 4 and rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep < 21 and 13 percent, respectively, REM sleep latency > 144 minutes, percentage of TST with pulse oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90 percent higher than 0.28 seconds, and an oxygen desaturation index higher than 0.92. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that clinically stable pediatric patients with CF have a high prevalence of SDB and present frequent sleep complaints, significant changes in sleep architecture, and episodes of oxygen desaturation during sleep.

Sleep architecture and polysomnographic respiratory profile of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sleep architecture in children and adolescents with both cystic fibrosis (CF) and a clinical suspicion of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and to identify the respiratory polysomnographic profile of these patients. METHODS: Parents or guardians of children with CF filled out a questionnaire designed to assess their clinical and sleep conditions. Children who were identified as having behaviors associated with SDB underwent polysomnography. After polysomnography, patients were grouped according to the obstructive apnea index (AI) obtained (either < 1 or ≥ 1), and a multiple correspondence factor analysis was used to analyze and identify the polysomnographic profile of patients. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients who met inclusion criteria for this study, 67 underwent polysomnography, and 38 (56.7%) of the 67 patients showed an AI ≥ 1. Median age was 8 years. The group of patients with an AI ≥ 1 was characterized by total sleep time (TST) during stage 4 and rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep < 21 and 13%, respectively, REM sleep latency > 144 minutes, percentage of TST with pulse oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90% higher than 0.28 seconds, and an oxygen desaturation index higher than 0.92. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that clinically stable pediatric patients with CF have a high prevalence of SDB and present frequent sleep complaints, significant changes in sleep architecture, and episodes of oxygen desaturation during sleep.

SAHOS em crianças: perfil clínico e respiratório polissonográfico / OSAS in children: clinical and polysomnographic respiratory profile

A Síndrome da Apnéia e Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS) em crianças conta com uma prevalência estimada de 1-3 por cento e poderá estar associada a alterações neurocognitivas, comportamentais e cardiovasculares. Entretanto, alguns pediatras desconhecem o problema e este estudo poderá facilitar o reconhecimento de SAHOS pelos mesmos. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas e os índices respiratórios polissonográficos de crianças com SAHOS, em um laboratório de sono, entre janeiro de 2002 a julho de 2003. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Série de casos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Avaliaram-se 93 crianças, de 2 a 10 anos de idade, com diagnóstico polissonográfico de SAHOS. Analisaram-se idade, gênero, grupo racial e dados referentes à saúde e sono das crianças. Os dados polissonográficos estudados foram índice de apnéia-hipopnéia, dessaturação da oxihemoglobina e índice de microdespertar. RESULTADOS: O gênero masculino correspondeu a 61,3 por cento dos casos. A média da idade foi de 5,2 ± 2,1 anos. As queixas que mais motivaram a realização do exame foram roncos, em 24,7 por cento e sono inquieto em 24,7 por cento. Condições médicas mais associadas foram rinite alérgica (98,9 por cento) e hipertrofia de adenóides (50,6 por cento). Apnéia leve ocorreu em 66 por cento das crianças. A média e o desvio-padrão da saturação mínima de O2 foi de 89,1 ± 3,5 e a do número de microdespertares de 8,4 ± 3,5/hora de sono. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados chamam atenção para a possibilidade de SAHOS em crianças com rinite alérgica e hipertrofia adenotonsilar, com queixas de ronco e sono inquieto.

Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome in children (osas) has an estimated prevalence of up to 3 percent and can be associated with neurocognitive and behavioural abnormalities, and also cardiovascular complications. This study may help pediatricians, who are unaware of the problem, to recognize osas. STUDY DESIGN: series of cases. AIM: to describe the clinical characteristics and polysomnographic respiratory findings in a population of children with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome referred to the sleep laboratory from january 2002 up to july 2003. METHODS: we studied 93 patients between 2 and 10 years of age with polysomnographic diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome. Age, gender, racial group and questions about the childrenÆs health and sleep related disorders were evaluated. Apnea-hypopnea index, oxyhemoglobin desaturation, and arousal index were evaluated too. RESULTS: males represented 61.3 percent, With a mean age of 5.2 ± 2.1 (Years-old). The complaints that most commonly lead to the exams were snoring in 24.7 percent And restless sleep in 24.7 percent. Associated medical conditions frequently reported were allergic rhinitis (98.9 percent) And adenoid hypertrophy (50.6 percent). Mild apnea was found in 66 percent. The mean and sd of spo2 nadir was 89.1 ± 3.5 percent And the mean and sd of the number of arousals was 8.4 ± 3.5/ Hour of sleep. CONCLUSION: the results suggest the possibility that obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome should be suspected in children with allergic diseases and adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy with snoring and restless sleep complaints.