ABSTRACT
Hemopoietic lineage switching occurs when leukemic cells, apparently committed to one lineage, change and display the phenotype of another pathway. cDNA representational difference analysis was used to identify myeloid-specific genes that may be associated with an erythroid to myeloid lineage switch involving the murine J2E erythroleukemic cell line. One of the genes isolated (HLS7) is homologous to the novel human oncogene myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) involved in the t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Enforced expression of HLS7 in J2E cells induced a monoblastoid phenotype, thereby recapitulating the spontaneous erythroid to myeloid lineage switch. HLS7 also inhibited erythropoietin- or chemically-induced differentiation of erythroleukemic cell lines and suppressed development of erythropoietin-responsive colonies in semi-solid culture. However, intracellular signaling activated by erythropoietin was not impeded by ectopic expression of HLS7. In contrast, HLS7 promoted maturation of M1 monoblastoid cells and increased myeloid colony formation in vitro. These data show that HLS7 can influence erythroid/myeloid lineage switching and the development of normal hemopoietic cells.
Subject(s)
Genes, Switch , Hematopoiesis/genetics , Leukemia/genetics , Oncogenes , Proteins/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Cell Cycle Proteins , DNA Primers/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Gene Expression , Humans , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Phenotype , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Translocation, Genetic , Tumor Cells, CulturedSubject(s)
Genes, MHC Class I , Hemochromatosis/genetics , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics , Major Histocompatibility Complex , Multigene Family , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Chromosome Mapping , Haplotypes , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidSubject(s)
Haplotypes , Histocompatibility Testing/standards , Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2 , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3 , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics , Alleles , Genetic Markers , HLA-B Antigens/genetics , HLA-DP Antigens/genetics , HLA-DP beta-Chains , Humans , Reference Standards , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/geneticsABSTRACT
There will be a continuing need for well characterized panels of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Selection of the 4AOH panel was based on prior MHC typing and was intended to ensure representation of ancestral haplotypes from various racial groups. Cells from nonhuman primates, bone marrow donor-recipient pairs, and patients with IDDM were included. Selected cells from the 10IHW were included to enable further characterization. Cells were distributed to participants in the 4AOHW and were typed at multiple loci by a variety of procedures. Non-HLA genes such as TNF were included. Since the cells were distributed "blind" with hidden replicates, it was possible to evaluate the quality of the typing data. An approach to data management is described. The best current estimates of the typing of these cells are presented. The panel will be useful since it provides standards for most alleles at most loci. Since the cells are so well characterized, they represent a useful resource for MHC sequencing and for the evaluation of new typing procedures.
Subject(s)
Cell Line, Transformed/classification , Cell Line, Transformed/immunology , Databases, Factual , Histocompatibility Testing , Alleles , Animals , Asia/ethnology , Cell Transformation, Viral , Demography , HLA Antigens/genetics , Haplotypes , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Humans , Lymphocyte Activation , Pacific Islands/ethnologyABSTRACT
The 1970s have yielded many situations in which psychiatrists have been summoned by agents of the state for help in resolving terrorist-related crises. This paper tries to examine the evolving role of forensic psychiatrists as they participate in such situations and reviews some of the functions involved in open community/terrorist confrontations, closed community/terrorist confrontations, and psychiatrist/terrorist relations. Positive contributions have been made by psychiatrists, but there is a lack of available information to assist them in fulfilling their tasks. Specific recommendations are made that may be of benefit to the psychiatrist.
