ABSTRACT
Background/objectives: The intraorbital contents are thought to be affected by oedema in the days following a blowout fracture. We posit that this oedema can be detected by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as changes in muscle volume, in muscle cross-sectional area, and in the MRI parameter 'mean grey value' (MGV) of the orbital fat and extraocular muscles (EOMs). Materials and methods: Patients with a blowout fracture underwent an MRI scan within 72 h after the trauma and again after 10-14 days. Measurements of EOMS and fat tissue on the fractured orbit were compared to the unfractured orbit. Results: Eighteen patients were included. Measurements showed significantly larger volume, cross-sectional area and MGV of the EOM closest to the fracture compared to the same muscle in the unfractured orbit. This significance disappeared for some parameters on the second scan. The volume of herniated orbital contents was significantly smaller on the second scan than on the first. Conclusions and significance: Based on the first longitudinal MRI study on patients with blowout fractures, our results indicate post-traumatic oedema in the intraorbital soft tissue which subsides between scans. A watchful waiting period is recommended in the initial post-traumatic days in patients without muscle entrapment.
Subject(s)
Edema/diagnostic imaging , Oculomotor Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Edema/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Orbital Fractures/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To establish whether a different number of lymph nodes is identified in a delayed versus an immediate axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Using data from the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Database we identified 864 breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) and delayed ALND and 7393 breast cancer patients with SLND and immediate ALND operated between 2002 and 2010. We compared the number of lymph nodes identified in the two groups by a student's t-test. RESULTS: The mean number of lymph nodes identified in patients with immediate and delayed ALND was 16.55 and 15.59, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The number of lymph nodes identified in breast cancer patients is slightly reduced if delayed ALND is performed. However, the difference is small and considered to be without clinical significance.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Axilla , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cohort Studies , Databases, Factual , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Middle Aged , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Registries , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
We present a case where recurrent adherence of extensor tendons on the left foot of a 54-year-old woman was treated successfully with tenolysis supplemented by autologous fat transplant in the form of lipofilling.
