Rotavirus Infection in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Aurangabad, Central Maharashtra.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea and its genotypes in children from Aurangabad, India. METHODS: Stool samples collected during 2012-2013 from 168 children, aged ?3 years, were tested by ELISA to detect rotavirus. Rotavirus strains were genotyped by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Stool samples from 20 (11.9%) children tested positive for rotavirus. Rotavirus positivity was higher among the children aged 0-12 months than those in 13-24 and 25-36 months. Severity of disease was moderate in both rotavirus-infected and uninfected children. Genotype G1P[8] combination was detected predominantly in circulation. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus diarrhea was caused mainly by G1P[8] strains during 2012-2013 in Aurangabad, Central Maharashtra, India.

Microfilaria in human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a case report.

Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis, a rare zoonosis is being increasingly reported from various parts of the world. Most of the reported cases have lesions in and around the eye. The adult female dirofilariae release microfilaria into the definitive host's blood. Various mosquitoes that serve as intermediate hosts such as Culex, Aedes and Anopheles take up the microfilariae (mf-L1) while feeding on an infected host. Microfilariae develop in the mosquitoes. The transmission to dogs or other hosts including humans occurs through mosquito bite during subsequent blood meal. Humans may be infected as aberrant (accidental) hosts, mainly by D. repens and D. immitis. D. repens usually resides subcutaneously, while D. immitis frequently ends up in the human lung. In human infections usually just one larva develops, which does not reach sexual maturity. In India, almost all reported cases of dirofilariasis in humans have involvement of face in the form of ocular dirofilariasis with a few reports on subcutaneous dirofilariasis. We report a case of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis, from western India, involving leg and showing microfilaria in tissue indicating presence of gravid female dirofilaria (sexual maturity). To the best of our knowledge, it is among rare cases of subcutaneous dirofilariasis wherein microfilariae have developed in human host.

Outbreak of human buffalopox infection.

An outbreak of febrile illness with vesicular lesions on hands and forearms of six persons was investigated. There was simultaneous outbreak of similar illness in buffaloes that were milked by these persons. Buffaloes had lesions on many parts of body including udder and teats. Manual milking without gloves exposed the persons to the infection. Investigations proved that both the outbreaks were due to buffalopox virus infection. Improved dairy practices like wearing gloves while milking might help in prevention of spread of infection to other animals and humans.

Metallo-ß-lactamase-producing clinical isolates from patients of a tertiary care hospital.

BACKGROUND: The growing increase in the rates of antibiotic resistance is a major cause for concern in both non-fermenting bacilli and isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae family. ß-lactams have been the mainstay of treatment for serious infections, and the most active of these are the carbapenems. Acquired metallo-ß-lactamases (MBL) have recently emerged as one of the most worrisome resistance mechanisms owing to their capacity to hydrolyze all ß-lactams, including carbapenems. We have undertaken this investigation to ascertain the prevalence of MBL-producing non-fermenting bacilli and Enterobacteriaceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted over a period of 4 months in a 1200-bedded teaching hospital. Isolates included in the study were screened for imipenem resistance both by conventional methods and mini analytical profile index (miniAPI). The isolates that showed imipenem resistance were tested for MBL production by imipenem (IMP)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combined disc test. Imipenem-resistant non-MBL isolates also tested for Modified Hodge test and AmpC ß-lactamases production to detect other mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. RESULTS: Of 638 gram negative bacilli isolates and 3.39% showed imipenem resistance, 2.9% showed MBL production, of which 1.7% were non-fermenters and 1.25% were Enterobacteriaceae, 0.3% showing non-MBL KPC carbapenemas. Most isolates were from the intensive care unit and from post-operative patients. Our findings show that there are significant numbers of isolates having MBL production along with multidrug resistance. There is a need for active surveillance to detect MBL producers.