[EEG correlates of suicidal intentions in depressive patients who survived and have not been ill with COVID-19]. / EEG-korrelyaty suitsidal'nykh namerenii u bol'nykh depressiei, bolevshikh i ne bolevshikh COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To search for EEG correlates of suicidal intentions in young depressive patients who survived and have not been ill with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 46 female patients, aged 16-25 years, with depressive disorders who had previously had a mild or asymptomatic coronavirus infection («COVID¼ group) and 40 female patients with depressive disorders matched in age, syndromic structure of disorders and the initial severity of depression to patients of the «COVID¼ group but who are known not to have COVID-19 («non-COVID¼ group). The severity of suicidal intentions was assessed by the number of points of item 3 of HDRS-17. In all patients, pre-treatment multichannel background EEG was recorded with spectral power analysis in narrow frequency sub-bands. RESULTS: In patients of the «COVID¼ group, the mean number of points of item 3 of HDRS-17 was slightly higher (at the trend level) than in the «non-COVID¼ group (2.1±1.5 and 1.8±1.6 points, respectively), and positively correlated (p<0.05) with the spectral power values of theta2 (6-8 Hz) and delta (2-4 Hz) EEG sub-bands. In the «non-COVID¼ group, the severity of suicidal intentions positively correlated (p<0.05) with the values of the spectral power of alpha2 (9-11 Hz) EEG sub-band. CONCLUSION: Suicidal intentions increased in depressive patients survived from COVID-19, and their severity is associated with EEG signs of a reduced functional state of the cerebral cortex.

[Clinical-neurophysiological correlations in female adolescents with heboid depression]. / Kliniko-neirofiziologicheskie korrelyatsii u patsientok molodogo vozrasta s geboidnoi depressiei.

OBJECTIVE: To determine EEG markers of depression severity and clarify the brain mechanisms of heboid depression by identifying relationships between clinical and neurophysiological parameters in female adolescents with heboid depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical-neurophysiological study of 25 female adolescents, aged 16-25 years, mean age 18.7±2.6 years, with heboid depression (ICD-10 items F31.3-F31.4, F34.0) was carried out. The severity of depressive disorders during hospitalization varied from mild to severe - the HDRS-17 total score ranged from 12 to 37 points (average 26.4±6.5 points). To assess the functional state of the brain, a multichannel EEG recording was performed in a state of calm wakefulness with closed eyes (for 2-3 minutes). EEG was recorded in 16 leads: F7, F3, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, T5, P3, Pz, P4, T6, O1 and O2. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and nonparametric statistics programs from the IBM SPSS Statistics, v.22 package. RESULTS: Differences in the EEG of patients from the norm were detected in the alpha frequency range, SpM values of the alpha2 subrange (9-11 Hz) were statistically significantly lower in the frontal areas (in the left frontal lead F3 p=0.021, in the right frontal lead F4 p=0.006). The patients did not have «highly coherent¼ (Coh >0.80) interhemispheric connections between the frontal-central-anterotemporal regions of the left and right hemispheres in the frequency range of the alpha-rhythm (8-13 Hz). The following correlations (p≤0.05) were revealed: the values of the HDRS-17 total score were positively correlated with the spectral power values of theta1 (4-6 Hz) and theta2 (6-8 Hz) EEG frequency subranges only in the frontal, central and midtemporal leads from the right hemisphere (F4, C4, T4). CONCLUSION: In patients with heboid depression, there is a functional «uncoupling¼ of the frontal-central-anterior-temporal areas of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. It is possible that such a «dissociation¼ and a relatively large activation of the anterior parts of the left rather than the right hemisphere play a role in the weak control of impulsive delinquent behavior in patients with heboid depression. The identified atypical features of the EEG spatial organization and correlations of the EEG frequency structure with clinical parameters are consistent with the atypical clinical picture of heboid depression.

[Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Combined Treatment of Pharmacoresistant Depression: Dynamics of Clinical, Psychological and EEG Parameters].

In order to investigate the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with depression, we studied the dynamics of clinical parameters, a number of cognitive functions, and the spectral structure of resting EEG in 20 patients with pharmacoresistant depression in the course of combined treatment including TMS. It was shown that short course (10 sessions) of TMS significantly enhanced and accelerated the effect of antidepressants. The course of TMS contributed not only to the reduction of depressive symptoms but also to the improvement of general condition and the recovery of some impaired cognitive functions. The therapeutic effect of TMS seems to be provided by the activation of not only the prefrontal cortex itself but also of some subcortical structures closely linked with it. Thus, TMS appears to be a promising non-drug method for the treatment of clinical conditions and for the correction of brain functional state in patients with depression, including the use in combined treatment of depressive disorders in cases of pharmacoresistance.

Saccadic movements of the eyes in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity syndrome.

Saccadic movements of the eyes were analyzed in children with the attention deficit and hyperactivity syndrome. Saccadic movements of the eyes were recorded by a special method for their isolated registration without involvement of the head and in coordination tests (eye-head, eye-hand, and eye-head-hand). Comparative analysis of saccadic movements in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity and in normal subjects was carried out. Saccades recorded in each participant in complex tests with one or two additional motor acts, such as movements of the head and hand, were compared and the changes were analyzed for the group. Children with attention deficit and hyperactivity syndrome had problem with gaze fixation on the peripheral target after the end of the saccade and these changes augmented in more complex tasks with one or two additional acts. This could be due to discrepancy between the difficulty of the task and the potentialities of the frontal cortex, more immature in these patients than in healthy children. The changes could form the objective base for disorders in the formation of reading and writing habits, often observed in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity syndrome.