Non-invasive brain stimulation improves pain in patients with central post-stroke pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) significantly interferes with the quality of life and psychological well-being of stroke patients. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has attracted significant attention as an emerging method for treating patients with CPSP. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation on pain, and psychological status of patients with central post-stroke pain using meta-analysis. METHODS: A computerized search of multiple databases was performed for identification of randomized controlled trials involving NIBS-led treatment of CPSP patients. Two researchers worked independently on literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Research was conducted from inception of the database until October 2023. RevMan 5.0 and Stata 15.0 software were used to conduct statistical analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen papers with 807 patients were finally included. The results showed that NIBS reduced patients' pain intensity [SMD = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.54, -0.24), p < 0.01] and was more effective in short-term CPSP patients. However, the included studies did not show a significant impact on psychological status, particularly depression. Subgroup analysis suggested that the M1 stimulation point was more effective than other stimulation points [SMD = -0.45, 95% CI (-0.65, -0.25), p < 0.001]. Other stimulation modalities also demonstrated favorable outcomes when compared to rTMS [SMD = -0.67, 95% CI (-1.09, -0.25), p < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: NIBS has a positive impact on pain relief in patients with CPSP, but does not enhance patients' psychological well-being in terms of anxiety or depression. Furthermore, large-sample, high-quality, and multi-center RCTs are needed to explore the benefits of different stimulation durations and parameters in patients with CPSP. The current study has been registered with Prospero under the registration number CRD42023468419.

A novel Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain effectively inhibits Fusarium graminearum growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production.

BACKGROUND: Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal pathogen that poses a significant threat to global wheat production and quality. Control of this toxin-producing pathogen remains a major challenge. This study aimed to isolate strains with antagonistic activity against F. graminearum and at the same time to analyze the synthesis of deoxynivalenol (DON), in order to provide a new basis for the biological control of FHB. RESULTS: Total of 69 microorganisms were isolated from the soil of a wheat-corn crop rotation field, and an antagonistic bacterial strain F12 was identified as Burkholderia pyrrocinia by molecular biology and carbon source utilization. F. graminearum control by strain F12 showed excellent biological activities under laboratory conditions (95.8%) and field testing (63.09%). Meanwhile, the DON content of field-treated wheat grains was detected the results showed that F12 have significantly inhibited of DON, which was further verified by qPCR that F12 produces secondary metabolites that inhibit the expression of DON and pigment-related genes. In addition, the sterile fermentation broth of F12 not only inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination, but also prevented mycelia from producing spores. CONCLUSION: In this study B. pyrrocinia was reported to have good control of FHB and inhibition of DON synthesis. This novel B. pyrrocinia F12 is a promising biological inoculant, providing possibilities for controlling FHB, and a theoretical basis for the development of potential biocontrol agents and biofertilizers for agricultural use. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

High-precision binocular camera calibration method based on a 3D calibration object.

A high-precision binocular camera calibration method is proposed to address the issues of poor calibration accuracy and large calibration errors in current practical applications. This method uses a triangular stereo sphere as the calibration object and employs steps, such as ellipse fitting, Cholesky decomposition, homography matrix solution, and nonlinear optimization, to compute the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, distortion parameters, and relative pose of the binocular camera. Moreover, this method simplifies the correspondences between primitives, enabling simultaneous calibration of multiple viewpoint cameras. This method is also suitable for both binocular cameras consisting of two different structured monocular cameras and those composed of two image sensors within the same structure. Experimental results showed that this method outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of binocular camera calibration accuracy, calibration errors between left and right cameras, and robustness, resulting in a significant improvement in overall algorithm performance.

Effect of ginger and P6 acupressure on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of ginger with P6 acupressure in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients. METHOD: A total of 172 participants were randomly divided into the control, ginger, acupressure, and joint groups, who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from February and September 2022. The baseline characteristics, nausea, vomiting, and retching, benefit finding, functional living index-emesis, treatment satisfaction, and adverse reaction, were used in data collection. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in benefit finding and adverse reactions among the four groups (P > 0.05). Ginger significantly improved delayed CINV and function living index-nausea (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on acute CINV, retching, and delayed vomiting, functional living index-emesis, and treatment satisfaction (P>0.05). Acute nausea and retching, delayed nausea, vomiting, and retching, functional living index-emesis, and treatment satisfaction were effectively improved in the acupressure and joint groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ginger with P6 acupressure may contribute to improving CINV in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Effect of Qiwei Baizhusan on Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats with Diabetic Encephalopathy Based on PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of Qiwei Baizhusan（QWBZS） on diabetic encephalopathy（DE） rat model， and to explore the possible mechanism of QWBZS in the treatment of DE based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β） signaling pathway. MethodForty-eight SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group（8 rats） and high-fat diet group（40 rats）. After 12 weeks of feeding， rats in the high-fat diet group were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg·kg-1 of 1% streptozotocin（STZ） for 2 consecutive days to construct a DE model， and rats in the blank group were injected with the same amount of sodium citrate buffer. After successful modeling， according to blood glucose and body weight， model rats were randomly divided into model group， low， medium and high dose groups of QWBZS（3.15， 6.3， 12.6 g·kg-1）， combined western medicine group（metformin+rosiglitazone， 0.21 g·kg-1）， with 6 rats in each group. The administration group was given the corresponding dose of drug by gavage， and the blank group and the model group were given an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage， 1 time/day for 6 weeks. Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial memory ability of DE rats. Fasting insulin （FINS） level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus in rats， ELISA was used to detect the indexes of oxidative stress in hippocampal tissues， real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） in hippocampus， and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated（p）-Akt， GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in hippocampus of rats. ResultCompared with the blank group， FINS and HOMA-IR values of the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， the path of finding the original position of the platform was significantly increased， and the escape latency was significantly prolonged（P<0.01）， the morphology of neuronal cells in hippocampal tissues was disrupted， the levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS） and malondialdehyde（MDA） in hippocampus of rats were increased， and the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD） was decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt were decreased（P<0.01）， mRNA expression levels of NF-κB， TNF-α and IL-1β were increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the protein expression levels of PI3K， p-Akt and p-GSK-3β were significantly decreased， and the protein expression of GSK-3β was significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the FINS and HOMA-IR values of the medium dose group of QWBZS and the combined western medicine group were significantly decreased（P<0.01）， the path of finding the original position of the platform and the escape latency were significantly shortened（P<0.01）， the hippocampal tissue structure of rats was gradually recovered， and the morphological damage of nerve cells was significantly improved， the contents of ROS and MDA in hippocampus of rats decreased and the level of SOD increased（P<0.01）， the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt were increased（P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB， TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the protein expression levels of PI3K， p-Akt and p-GSK-3β were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the expression of GSK-3β was significantly decreased（P<0.01）. ConclusionQWBZS can alleviate insulin resistance in DE rats， it may repair hippocampal neuronal damage and improve learning and cognitive ability of DE rats by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.

Moxibustion modulates working memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between changes in brain activity associated with working memory and assessment scales of memory scores in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) before and after moxibustion therapy. METHODS: aMCI patients were randomized into the moxibustion treatment (MT) group and the placebo moxibustion (PM) group. Each group received either moxibustion therapy or a placebo moxibustion for eight weeks. Neuropsychological performance and functional brain responses to a working memory task were assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment. Memory function was evaluated individually by the Rivermead behavioral memory test (RBMT), and working memory was assessed by the N-back task. RESULTS: Compared with the PM group, RBMT score changes were significant ( < 0.05). In the MT group, the accuracy of the N-back texts increased compared with those before the intervention. After moxibustion intervention, the right insula, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, thalamus, lingual gyrus, calcarine sulcus, posterior cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and anterior frontal gyrus were significantly activated (= 0.01, Cluster-level Family-Wise Error = 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the insula, lingual gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus were associated with changes in N-back score. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the postcentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, thalamus, lingual gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with RBMT score changes. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion treatment improved memory in aMCI patients and was associated with the activation of the brain region of the insula, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and thalamus, which may be an important mechanism by which moxibustion improves the memory function.

Participation of pharmacists and patients in web-based pharmaceutical care consultation based on MEDICODE.

BACKGROUND: The participation of providers and patients in medical communication is the core element of shared decision making. Furthermore, web-based pharmaceutical care consultation is increasingly necessary, welcomed and popular. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the participation of pharmacists and patients in web-based pharmaceutical care consultation, so as to form the promotion strategy for both parties' participation. METHODS: Data of pharmacist-patient encounters was obtained from the online platform 'Good Doctor Website' from March 31, 2012 to June 22, 2019. MEDICODE was employed to analyze the participation of pharmacists and patients in web-based pharmaceutical care consultation using dialogue ratio, the preponderance of initiative, and dialogical roles (information provider, listener, instigator and participant). RESULTS: This study included 121 pharmacist-patient encounters which discussed 382 specifically named medications. On average, 3.75 specific themes were discussed per medication. Among the 29 specific themes observed, 16 were initiated primarily by patients and 13 by pharmacists, 22 were primarily monologue, 6 were primarily dialogue, and 1 was a combination of the two. Pharmacists and patients were information providers or listeners in most content theme categories, such as possible main effect, possible adverse effect, instructions, warnings, adherence, designation, and observed adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists and patients exchanged less drug-related information in web-based pharmaceutical care consultation. The exchange had more patient-dominated behaviors and more of a monologue. Furthermore, pharmacists and patients were mainly information providers or listeners in communication. The participation of both parties was insufficient.

Clinical phenotype and genetic analysis of a child with 3p26.3p25.3 deletion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a child with facial dysmorphism and multiple malformations.@*METHODS@#The child, born at 34+6 weeks' gestation due to premature rupture of amniotic membrane, dichorionic diamniotic twinning and gestational diabetes, was subjected to chromosomal karyotyping analysis and copy number variations sequencing (CNV-seq).@*RESULTS@#The child was found to have facial dysmorphism, hypospadia, cryptorchidism and hypotonia. He was found to have a 46,XY,del(3)(p26) karyotype in addition with a 9.80 Mb deletion (chr3: 60 000-9 860 000) encompassing 33 protein coding genes.@*CONCLUSION@#The 3p26.3p25.3 deletion probably underlay the multiple malformations in this child. Continuous follow-up is required to improve his quality of life.

Review on non-surgical treatment for elderly patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

With the aging of population, the elderly (≥65 years old) cancer patients have become one of the main populations for cancer care. For inoperable locally advanced head and neck squamous carcinomas, cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the first-line choice. Several large clinical studies have shown that patients under 70 years of age can still benefit from concurrent chemoradiotherapy, while it should be cautious to apply chemotherapy to patients aged 70-80 years. For elderly patients who are intolerant to cisplatin, carboplatin or other regimens with less gastrointestinal and renal toxicity should be considered. Although anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies combined with radiotherapy has been proved to be more effective than radiotherapy alone in total patient population, age-subgroup analysis showed limited benefit in elderly patients. The safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients has been validated and those with high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression may benefit from concurrent or neoadjuvant immunotherapy, however, high-level evidence is still lacking. For patients older than 80 years, radiotherapy alone may be superior to concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and hypofractionated radiotherapy for palliative purposes can be safely used in this population.

Changes of hippocampal gray matter volume and immune related genes in dizocilpine-induced schizophrenia model rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes of hippocampal gray matter volume and expression of candidate immune related genes in a rat model of schizophrenia established by repeated administration of dizocilpine(MK-801).Methods:Thirty SPF grade Sprague-Dawley male rats at postnatal day 28 were randomly divided into MK-801 medium-dose (0.25 mg/kg) group, MK-801 high-dose(0.50 mg/kg) group and normal saline (5 mL/kg) group according to random number table method, with 10 in each group.Rats were given continuous intraperitoneal administration according to grouping once a day for 14 days.Open field test, novel object recognition test and Y-maze test were used at postnatal day 60 to detect spontaneous activity, exploration ability, anxiety level, object recognition memory ability and spatial working memory of rats, respectively.At postnatal day 67, structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to detect the changes of hippocampal gray matter volume in rat.And at postnatal day 70, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of candidate immune-related genes in rat hippocampus.SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and Tukey test was used for further pairwise comparisons.Results:(1)The behavioral results showed that there were significant differences in the total movement distance, central area activity time, novel object recognition index, and spontaneous correct alternation rate among the three groups ( F=11.15, 10.11, 13.62, 11.99, all P<0.05). The total movement distances in MK-801 medium-dose group and MK-801 high-dose group ((21.44±2.17) m, (22.87±1.96)m) were higher than that in the normal saline group ((18.70±1.88) m) (both P<0.05). The activity time of the central area in the MK-801 medium-dose group and MK-801 high-dose group((3.24±1.58) s, (2.50±1.32) s) were lower than that of the normal saline group ((6.05±2.48)s) (both P<0.01). Novel object recognition indexes in the MK-801 medium-dose group and MK-801 high-dose group((56.10±3.99)%, (54.00±6.41)%) were both lower than that in the normal saline group ((65.90±5.65)%)(both P<0.01), and the rates of spontaneous correct alternation ((54.60±7.03)%, (51.60±8.84)%) in the two groups were lower than that of the normal saline group ((68.40±8.57)%) (both P<0.01). (2) The results of structural magnetic resonance imaging showed that there were significant differences in the volume of hippocampal gray matter among the three groups ( F=9.24, P<0.001). The volumes of hippocampal gray matter in MK-801 medium-dose group and MK-801 high-dose group were lower than that in normal saline group(both P<0.001). (3)By constructing protein-protein interaction network, four candidate immune related genes were screened out: neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SST), cholecystokinin (CCK) and tachykinin 1 (TAC1). The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of NPY, SST and CCK in the hippocampus of the three groups were significantly different ( F=11.41, 10.43, 5.85, all P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the TAC1 mRNA expression level ( F=0.08, P>0.05). The mRNA levels of NPY, SST and CCK in the hippocampus of rats in the MK-801 high-dose group were lower than those in the normal saline group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Both medium dose and high dose MK-801 administration can reduce the volume of hippocampal gray matter in schizophrenia model rats, but they have different effects on the expression of hippocampal immune related genes, of which high dose administration has a greater effect.

Risk factors and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the risk factors and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension(PH) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants(EPIs).Methods:From January 2020 to December 2021, EPIs [gestational age (GA) <32 w] with BPD admitted to NICU of our hospital were retrospectively assigned into two groups: BPD with late-onset PH(PH group) and BPD without late-onset PH(non-PH group). Their general condition, treatment and prognosis were compared and the risk factors of late-onset PH were analyzed.Results:A total of 229 EPIs with BPD were enrolled, including 24(10.5%) in the PH group and 205(89.5%) in the non-PH group. The PH group had significantly smaller GA [(27.9±2.3) w vs. (28.7±1.8) w], longer mechanical ventilation [42.0(16.0, 84.0) d vs. 9.0(2.0, 23.0) d], longer hospital stay [100.5(86.3, 142.0) d vs. 77.0(56.5, 96.5)d],higher incidence of early-onset PH(54.2% vs. 9.3%) and higher mortality rate(33.3% vs. 9.8%) than the non-PH group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed prolonged mechanical ventilation ( OR=1.046, 95% CI 1.011~1.064), early-onset PH ( OR=5.414, 95% CI 1.796~16.323) were independent risk factors for BPD with late-onset PH. 8(33.3%) patients in the PH group died, including 2 with grade Ⅱ BPD and 6 grade Ⅲ BPD. Conclusions:Prolonged mechanical ventilation and early-onset PH are independent risk factors for late-onset PH in BPD infants. BPD infants with late-onset PH have longer hospital stay, higher mortality and worse prognosis.

Relationship between dyslexia syndrome and death anxiety in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization surgery: based on latent profile analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of demoralization in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the differences of death anxiety among these types using latent profile analysis.Methods:Based on the cross-sectional design, 216 patients with primary liver cancer undergoing TACE of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected by convenient sampling method from July 2018 to May 2021, and were investigated by using the general data questionnaire, Demoralization Scale and Templer′s Death Anxiety Scale.Results:A total of 139 cases (64.4%) with high demoralization and 120 cases (55.6%) with high death anxiety were detected. The patients were divided into four subtypes: 67 cases(31.0%) in the emotional distress group, 52 cases(24.1%) in the high risk group, 72 cases (33.3%) in the sense loss group, and 25 cases (11.6%) in the low risk group. Tumor stage and working status were the main factors affecting the characteristic classification of demoralization ( β=2.615, 2.085, both P<0.05). There were significant differences in death anxiety among different subtypes of patients ( H=77.00, P<0.01). Conclusions:The level of death anxiety is higher in patients with primary liver cancer after TACE surgery, and there are differences in different subtypes of patients with demoralization. Medical staff should formulate targeted intervention measures for different subtypes of patients to reduce their symptoms of demoralization and death anxiety.

Analysis on constructing a risk prediction model for premature ovarian function failure in patients with uterine fibroids complicated with hypertension after surgery based on decision tree method / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:The decision tree Chi-square automatic interactive detection (CHAID) algorithm and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to construct the risk prediction model of premature ovarian failure (POF) in patients with uterine fibroids complicated with hypertension after surgery, and the results of the risk prediction model were compared and analyzed.Methods:Patients with uterine fibroids complicated with hypertension admitted to Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from Jan. 2019 to Sep. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed as the research objects. CHAID algorithm and Logistic regression analysis were used to establish risk prediction models, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare and evaluate the prediction effects of the two models.Results:A total of 860 patients were collected, including 56 patients with premature ovarian function failure after operation, and the incidence of premature ovarian function failure was 6.51%. CHAID method and Logistic regression analysis showed that uterine myoma surgery, hypertension, smoking or passive smoking, family history of premature ovarian failure, sleep status, physical exercise and history of induced curettage were important influencing factors of premature ovarian failure. The accuracy of risk prediction of decision tree model was 88.2%, and the fitting effect of the model was good. The Logistic regression model Hosmer-Leme-show goodness of fit test showed that the model fit was good. The AUC of Logistic regression model was 0.893 (95% CI: 0.862-0.899), and the AUC of decision tree model was 0.882 (95% CI: 0.856-0.899). The predictive value of the two models was moderate, and there was no significant difference between them ( Z=0.254, P>0.05) . Conclusions:The combination of decision tree and Logistic regression model can find the influencing factors of premature ovarian function failure in patients with uterine fibroids complicated with hypertension after operation from different levels, and the relationship between the factors can be more fully understood. The establishment of a risk model for premature ovarian function failure in patients with uterine fibroids complicated with hypertension after surgery can provide a reference for postoperative intervention in patients with uterine fibroids complicated with hypertension, and more effectively help patients actively prevent and slow down the occurrence and development of POF.

Clinical application of robotic surgical system in re-operation of thyroid cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of Da Vinci robotic surgical system in the reoperation of recurrent or residual thyroid cancer.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 9 patients with Da Vinci robot-assisted reoperation for thyroid cancer in the 960th Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army of China from September 2018 to January 2022, the operation time, number of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, total postoperative drainage volume, incidence of complications, satisfaction with postoperative aesthetic effect, visual analyogue scale (VAS) score at the 24 h after surgery and number of recurrence during follow-up were counted.Results:The surgery time of 9 cases was (186.67±44.44) min, the number of lymph nodes cleared were (15.77±13.59), intraoperative blood loss was (21.11±16.91) mL, hospital stay were (10.67±3.32) days, total postoperative drainage was (286.94±90.85) mL. There was no complications, and all patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic effect whose VAS score was (8.22±1.09), and VAS score was 0 to 3 (2.44±0.73) points, no recurrence during the follow-up period from 6 to 46 months.Conclusion:With adequate preoperative evaluation and an experienced surgeon team, the use of robots in recurrent or residual thyroid cancer resurgery is feasible, safe and effective.

Arousal mechanism after sevoflurane anesthesia in rats: orexinergic modulation in dorsal raphe nucleus by optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To investigate the arousal mechanism after sevoflurane anesthesia using orexinergic modulation in dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) by optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques in rats.Methods:Forty-five healthy male Hcrt-Cre rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into 6 groups by the random number table method: optical-excitatory group (CHR2 group, n=5), optical-inhibitory group (eNpHR group, n=5), optical-control group (O-CON group, n=5); chemogenetic-excitatory group (hm3Dq group, n=10), chemogenetic-inhibitory group (hm4Di group, n=10) and chemogenetic-control group (C-CON group, n=10). The optogenetic or chemogenetic techniques were used in each group. Three weeks after injecting the rat virus, anesthesia was induced and maintained with 2.7% sevoflurane anesthesia in 1.5 L/min O 2, and the EEG data were continuously recorded throughout the process. The burst suppression ratio (%BSR) was recorded at 2 min before and of laser stimulation. Combining optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies, it was investigated that whether activation of orexinergic projection to DRN could modulate anesthetic behaviors during sevoflurane anesthesia. Results:Compared with C-CON group, the recovery of righting reflex (RORR) time was significantly shortened after sevoflurane anesthesia in hm3Dq group ( P<0.05), and the RORR time was significantly prolonged after sevoflurane anesthesia in hm4Di group and eNpHR group ( P<0.05). Compared with O-CON group or the baseline at 2 min before light stimulation, the %BSR was significantly decreased during 473nm laser stimulation in CHR2 group ( P<0.05), and no statistically significant change was found in the %BSR during 473nm laser stimulation in eNpHR group ( P>0.05). Compared with O-CON group, the RORR time was significantly shortened after sevoflurane anesthesia in CHR2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lateral hypothalamic area orexin-DRN neural circuit plays a key role in promoting arousal from general anesthesia in rats.

Establishment of animal models for depression in the elderly and progress on their application / 中华老年医学杂志

Geriatric depression in the elderly is becoming one of the most common psychiatric disorders affecting older people's mental and physical health.However, there is currently no systematic review on animal models for geriatric depression.Therefore, this paper analyzes and summarizes the animal models commonly used in geriatric depression studies and the application of antidepressants in geriatric depression models based on relevant national and international literature of recent years, aiming to provide insights on research approaches and considerations on study methods for geriatric depression.

Lipopolysaccharides protect mesenchymal stem cell against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by HMGB1/STAT3 signaling / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a serious and irreversible injury. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered to be a potential therapy for I/R injury due to the paracrine effects. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel mediator in MSC and regulates the response of inflammation injury. Signal Transduction and Transcription Activator 3 (STAT3) is a critical transcription factor and important for release of paracrine factors. However, the relationship between HMGB1 and STAT3 in paracrine effect of MSC remains unknown.@*METHODS@#In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model was established by AnaeroPack System and examined by Annexin V flow cytometry, CCK8 assay and morphology observation. Detection of apoptotic proteins and protein expression of HMGB1 and STAT3 by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The conditioned medium of MSCs with or without LPS pretreatment was cocultured with H9C2 cells for 24 h before hypoxia treatment and MSC showed obvious cardiomyocytes protect role, as evidence by decreased apoptosis rate and improved cells viability, and LPS pretreated MSC exhibited better protect role than untreated MSC. However, such effect was abolished in HMGB1 deficiency group, silencing HMGB1 decreased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin growth factor (IGF), cell viability, and the expression of STAT3. Furthermore, STAT3 silence attenuated the protective effect of LPS in MSC.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings suggested that LPS improved MSC-mediated cardiomyocytes protection by HMGB1/STAT3 signaling.

Depression status of elderly patients with metabolic syndrome in three provinces of China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the depression status and its influencing factors in elderly patients with MS in China and to explore the correlation between various components of elderly MS and depression. Methods: This study is based on the "Prevention and Intervention of Key Diseases in Elderly" project. We used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to complete 16 199 elderly aged 60 years and above in 16 counties (districts) in Liaoning, Henan, and Guangdong Provinces in 2019, excluding 1 001 missing variables. Finally, 15 198 valid samples were included for analysis. The respondents' MS disease was obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations, and the respondents' depression status within the past half month was assessed using the PHQ-9 Depression Screening Scale. The correlation between elderly MS and its components and depression and its influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 15 198 elderly aged 60 years and above were included in this study, with the prevalence of MS at 10.84% and the detection rate of depressive symptoms in MS patients at 25.49%. The detection rates of depressive symptoms in patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 MS abnormal group scores were 14.56%, 15.17%, 18.01%, 25.21%, and 26.65%, respectively. The number of abnormal components of MS was positively correlated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The risk of depression symptoms in patients with MS, overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was 1.73 times (OR=1.73, 95%CI:1.51-1.97), 1.13 times (OR=1.13, 95%CI:1.03-1.24), 1.25 times (OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.14-1.38), 1.41 times (OR=1.41, 95%CI:1.24-1.60), 1.81 times (OR=1.81,95%CI:1.61-2.04), respectively, more than those without the disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with sleep disorders was higher than that with normal sleep (OR=4.89, 95%CI: 3.79-6.32). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with cognitive dysfunction was 2.12 times higher than that in the average population (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.56-2.89). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was 2.31 times (OR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.64-3.26) higher than that in the average population. Tea drinking (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.54-0.98) and physical exercise (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.49-0.90) seemed to be protective factors for depression in elderly MS patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: Older patients with MS and its component abnormalities have a higher risk of depression than the average population. Sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, and IADL impairment are important influencing factors for depression in elderly MS patients, while tea drinking and physical exercise may help to reduce the risk of the disease.

Cognitive profile in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies

INTRODUCTION@#This study aimed to elucidate the cognitive profile of patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and to compare it to that of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD).@*METHODS@#Subjects older than 60 years with probable MCI-LB (n = 60) or MCI-AD (n = 60) were recruited. All patients were tested with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess their global cognitive profile.@*RESULTS@#The MCI-AD and MCI-LB patients did not differ in total MMSE and MoCA scores. However, some sub-items in MMSE and MoCA were shown to be screening markers for differentiating MCI-LB from MCI-AD. In the visuoconstructive test, the total score and hands subitem score in the clock-drawing test were significantly lower in MCI-LB than in MCI-AD. As for the executive function, the 'animal fluency test', 'repeat digits backward test' and 'take paper by your right hand' in MMSE all showed lower scores in MCI-LB compared with MCI-AD. As for memory, 'velvet' and 'church' in MoCA and 'ball' and 'national flag' in MMSE had lower scores in MCI-AD than in MCI-LB.@*CONCLUSION@#This study presents the cognitive profile of patients with MCI-LB. In line with the literature on Dementia with Lewy bodies, our results showed lower performance on tests for visuoconstructive and executive function, whereas memory remained relatively spared in the early period.

Associations of genetic variants in M3 receptor with blood pressure responses to salt and potassium intake / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor(M3 receptor), encoded by CHRM3 gene, is widely distributed in the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in cardiac regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genetic variants in M3 receptor with blood pressure(BP) responses to controlled dietary sodium and potassium interventions. 【Methods】 A total of 333 subjects from 124 families were recruited from the rural areas of northern China. After a three-day baseline observation, they were sequentially on a seven-day low-salt diet, a seven-day high-salt diet, and a seven-day high-salt diet plus potassium supplementation. Thirteen CHRM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected for analysis. 【Results】 SNP rs10802811 of the CHRM3 was significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to both low-salt and high-salt diets while SNPs rs6429147, rs373288072, rs114677844 and rs663148 showed significant associations with systolic BP(SBP) and MAP responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNP rs6692904 was significantly associated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in M3 receptor are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intervention, suggesting that M3 receptor may be mechanistically involved in BP salt and potassium sensitivity.