ABSTRACT
<b>Background and Objectives:</b> Black Soldier Fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) has long been studied primarily in terms of their important role in organic waste management. This species has a special ability to digest a variety of organic matter, from vegetable waste, food waste, decaying animal tissues to livestock manure and then convert to nutritional biomass for animal feed. The different types of feed during the larval period will affect the life history of black soldier fly. This study was aimed to determine the development, survival, population parameters and reproductive potential of the BSF reared on tofu dreg by the age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The treatments of immature stages were constructed under laboratory conditions and the adult stage were reared at a semi-outdoors screenhouse with full sunlight. <b>Results:</b> The intrinsic rates of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R<sub>0</sub>) and mean generation time (T) were 0.0713 per day, 1.0739 per day, 23.95 offspring and 43.705 days, respectively. The result indicated that the maximum reproductive value of females occurred at 42 days. The overall development time from egg to adult stage of the BSF was 52.2±1.6 days. <b>Conclusion:</b> The BSF can perform optimal development, survival rate and reproductive potential when reared on tofu dreg.
Subject(s)
Diptera , Refuse Disposal , Soy Foods , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Female , ReproductionABSTRACT
<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Elaeidobius kamerunicus </i>Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) is a weevil pollinator oil palm flower, <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq. (Arecales: Arecaceae) Jacq. Male and female inflorescences attracted the weevil, male inflorescences appeared to provides nectar and pollen but female inflorescences seemed provides the weevils with nectar. The objective of this research was to determine the dynamics of<i> E. kamerunicus </i>activity in pollinating oil palm flowers in Kumai, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The population of <i>E. kamerunicus </i>that visited male flowers was calculated by taking a sample of 9 spikelets from male inflorescences, while the number of <i>E. kamerunicus </i>that come to female inflorescence was calculated by counting the weevil around the flower. <b>Results:</b> The results of this study showed that peak activity of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> on oil palm flowers<i> </i>occurred between 11.00-12.45. The male flowers blossomed occurred for 6-7 days to complete their inflorescence, while those of the females completed their cycle for 4-5 days. The oviposition of <i>E. kamerunicus </i>females fluctuated from 05.00-18.00. The number of females oviposits in the flower peaked at 09.00. Temperature and maximum light intensity had a positive correlation with the overall density of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> and oviposition by female weevils. The Minimum light intensity affects the abundance and visitation of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> on oil palm flowers. <b>Conclusion:</b> The abundance of <i>E. kamerunicus</i> population in Kumai was established and could give possibility resulting in the better fruit set of oil palm. Conservation efforts can be conducted by maintaining the abundance of the population, especially on the days and hrs of peak abundance of weevils.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera , Palm Oil/metabolism , Animals , Indonesia , Palm Oil/isolation & purification , Pollination/physiologyABSTRACT
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The adult female of the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) usually performs oviposition near decaying organic matter in cracks found in dry areas. In mass-rearing facilities or on a laboratory scale, females usually lay eggs on the provided ovitrap which is made of various types of materials. This study was aimed to observe the female preferential behaviour for ovitrap types during the oviposition period. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study was conducted in a semi-outdoor screen house with direct sunlight. The ovitrap materials used were: Dry leaves, wood, cardboard and plastic (infraboard). The parameters calculated in this study were ovitrap preference, oviposition duration, the number and weight of the eggs, fertility of eggs, development time and mortality of offspring. <b>Results:</b> The BSF females preferred the wood ovitrap to other ovitrap types. This was indicated by the high number of females visits, the number of egg-laying females and the total number of eggs on the wood ovitrap. Eggs found in the plastic ovitrap had the highest mortality compared to eggs found in the other ovitraps. <b>Conclusion:</b> The difference of ovitrap material affected female visitation preferences, the oviposition frequency and the duration of egg-laying of female BSF but did not affect offspring development time in any of the stages (egg-adults).
