Predicting response to stepped-care cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia using pre-treatment heart rate variability in cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether high frequency heart-rate variability (HF-HRV) and HF-HRV reactivity to worry moderate response to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) within both a standard and stepped-care framework among cancer patients with comorbid insomnia. Biomarkers such as HF-HRV may predict response to CBT-I, a finding which could potentially inform patient allocation to different treatment intensities within a stepped-care framework. METHODS: 177 participants (86.3 % female; Mage = 55.3, SD = 10.4) were randomized to receive either stepped-care or standard CBT-I. 145 participants had their HRV assessed at pre-treatment during a rest and worry period. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and daily sleep diary across five timepoints from pre-treatment to a 12-month post-treatment follow-up. RESULTS: Resting HF-HRV was significantly associated with pre-treatment sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency but not ISI score. However, resting HF-HRV did not predict overall changes in insomnia across treatment and follow-up. Similarly, resting HF-HRV did not differentially predict changes in sleep diary parameters across standard or stepped-care groups. HRV reactivity was not related to any of the assessed outcome measures in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. CONCLUSION: Although resting HF-HRV was related to initial daily sleep parameters, HF-HRV measures did not significantly predict longitudinal responses to CBT-I. These findings suggest that HF-HRV does not predict treatment responsiveness to CBT-I interventions of different intensity in cancer patients.

NREM sleep brain networks modulate cognitive recovery from sleep deprivation.

Decrease in cognitive performance after sleep deprivation followed by recovery after sleep suggests its key role, and especially non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, in the maintenance of cognition. It remains unknown whether brain network reorganization in NREM sleep stages N2 and N3 can uniquely be mapped onto individual differences in cognitive performance after a recovery nap following sleep deprivation. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we quantified the integration and segregation of brain networks during NREM sleep stages N2 and N3 while participants took a 1-hour nap following 24-hour sleep deprivation, compared to well-rested wakefulness. Here, we advance a new analytic framework called the hierarchical segregation index (HSI) to quantify network segregation across spatial scales, from whole-brain to the voxel level, by identifying spatio-temporally overlapping large-scale networks and the corresponding voxel-to-region hierarchy. Our results show that network segregation increased in the default mode, dorsal attention and somatomotor networks during NREM sleep compared to wakefulness. Segregation within the visual, limbic, and executive control networks exhibited N2 versus N3 sleep-specific voxel-level patterns. More segregation during N3 was associated with worse recovery of working memory, executive attention, and psychomotor vigilance after the nap. The level of spatial resolution of network segregation varied among brain regions and was associated with the recovery of performance in distinct cognitive tasks. We demonstrated the sensitivity and reliability of voxel-level HSI to provide key insights into within-region variation, suggesting a mechanistic understanding of how NREM sleep replenishes cognition after sleep deprivation.

Efficacy of Lemborexant in Adults ≥ 65 Years of Age with Insomnia Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic treatments are available to treat insomnia, a common and burdensome sleep disorder, but may be contraindicated in older adults who are prone to side effects from sleep-promoting drugs. These analyses of sleep diary data from Study E2006-G000-303 (Study 303) investigated the benefits of lemborexant 5 mg (LEM5) and 10 mg (LEM10) in the subgroup age ≥ 65 years with insomnia. METHOD: Study 303, a 12-month, double-blind study of LEM5 and LEM10 in adults (age ≥ 18 years) with insomnia disorder (sleep onset and/or maintenance difficulties) assessed subject-reported (subjective) sleep-onset latency (sSOL), sleep efficiency (sSE), wake after sleep onset (sWASO), and total sleep time (sTST). Morning sleepiness/alertness, insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]), perceptions of sleep-related medication effects (Patient Global Impression-Insomnia [PGI-I] questionnaire), and safety were also evaluated. RESULTS: In this subgroup of older adults (≥ 65 years; n = 262), there were significantly larger changes from baseline for sSOL, sSE, sTST, and sWASO with LEM5 and LEM10 versus placebo through month 6 (except sWASO month 1), indicating improvement; these improvements were sustained through month 12. Subject-reported increases in morning alertness were significantly greater with one or both LEM doses versus placebo through month 6 and sustained through month 12. There were significantly larger ISI total and daytime functioning score decreases (improvement) from baseline with LEM versus placebo at months 1, 3, and 6 (total score: both doses; daytime functioning: LEM5 month 1 and both doses months 3 and 6) and decreases from baseline FSS at months 1 and 3 (LEM5) and month 6 (both doses), sustained to month 12. Compared with placebo, more subjects reported that LEM (both doses) positively impacted ability to sleep, time to fall asleep, and TST through month 6, sustained to month 12, with no rebound after drug withdrawal. LEM was well tolerated to month 12; mild somnolence was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in subject-reported efficacy in LEM-treated adults age ≥ 65 years with insomnia were observed as early as the first week of treatment and sustained through end of month 12. LEM was well tolerated. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02952820: E2006-G000-303; Study 303; SUNRISE-2 (First posted: October 2016); EudraCT 2015-001463-39 (First posted: November 2016).

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder associated with significant difficulties, particularly in older adults. Although there are many drug treatments available, some are associated with the important risk of side effects and may not adequately treat sleep maintenance (ability to stay asleep), which is a frequent sleep complaint in older people. Lemborexant has been approved in multiple countries for the treatment of adults with insomnia based on studies that show lemborexant improved adults' ability to fall asleep and stay asleep and is well tolerated. To examine the long-term benefit of lemborexant, we investigated subject-reported benefits and safety of lemborexant in older (≥ 65 years) adults who participated in a 1-year study. The results showed that within the first few days of taking lemborexant, and lasting through 12 months of treatment, nightly lemborexant improved nighttime sleep (that is, it reduced the time it took to fall asleep, reduced the time awake during the night, and increased total sleep time) more than placebo. Morning alertness improved more in older adults who took lemborexant compared with placebo. In addition, those who took lemborexant also reported that their insomnia symptoms were less severe and they had less fatigue compared with placebo. Lemborexant was well tolerated in older adults. These results suggest that lemborexant may be a good option for older adults with insomnia disorder.

A multidimensional investigation of sleep and biopsychosocial profiles with associated neural signatures.

Sleep is essential for optimal functioning and health. Interconnected to multiple biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors (i.e., biopsychosocial factors), the multidimensional nature of sleep is rarely capitalized on in research. Here, we deployed a data-driven approach to identify sleep-biopsychosocial profiles that linked self-reported sleep patterns to inter-individual variability in health, cognition, and lifestyle factors in 770 healthy young adults. We uncovered five profiles, including two profiles reflecting general psychopathology associated with either reports of general poor sleep or an absence of sleep complaints (i.e., sleep resilience) respectively. The three other profiles were driven by sedative-hypnotics-use and social satisfaction, sleep duration and cognitive performance, and sleep disturbance linked to cognition and mental health. Furthermore, identified sleep-biopsychosocial profiles displayed unique patterns of brain network organization. In particular, somatomotor network connectivity alterations were involved in the relationships between sleep and biopsychosocial factors. These profiles can potentially untangle the interplay between individuals' variability in sleep, health, cognition and lifestyle - equipping research and clinical settings to better support individual's well-being.

A Pilot Randomized Trial of Combined Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Exercise Training Versus Exercise Training Alone for the Management of Chronic Insomnia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Insomnia treatment among individuals with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea is suboptimal. In a pilot randomized controlled trial, 19 individuals with comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea were allocated to one of two arms: EX + EX, consisting of two 8-week phases of exercise training (EX), or RE + CBTiEX, encompassing 8 weeks of relaxation training (RE) followed by 8 weeks of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise (CBTiEX). Outcomes included Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), polysomnography, and cardiorespiratory fitness measures. A mixed-model analysis of variance revealed a Group × Time interaction on peak oxygen consumption change, F(1, 14) = 10.1, p = .007, and EX increased peak oxygen consumption (p = .03, g' = -0.41) and reduced ISI (p = .001, g' = 0.82) compared with RE (p = .49, g = 0.16) post-8 weeks. Post-16 weeks, there was a significant Group × Time interaction (p = .014) driven by RE + CBTiEX yielding a larger improvement in ISI (p = .023, g' = 1.48) than EX + EX (p = .88, g' < 0.1). Objective sleep was unchanged. This study showed promising effects of regular EX alone and combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia on ISI in comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea.

A multidimensional investigation of sleep and biopsychosocialprofiles with associated neural signatures.

Sleep is essential for optimal functioning and health. Interconnected to multiple biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors (i.e., biopsychosocial factors), the multidimensional nature of sleep is rarely capitalized on in research. Here, we deployed a data-driven approach to identify sleep-biopsychosocial profiles that linked self-reported sleep patterns to inter-individual variability in health, cognition, and lifestyle factors in 770 healthy young adults. We uncovered five profiles, including two profiles reflecting general psychopathology associated with either reports of general poor sleep or an absence of sleep complaints (i.e., sleep resilience) respectively. The three other profiles were driven by sedative-hypnotics-use and social satisfaction, sleep duration and cognitive performance, and sleep disturbance linked to cognition and mental health. Furthermore, identified sleep-biopsychosocial profiles displayed unique patterns of brain network organization. In particular, somatomotor network connectivity alterations were involved in the relationships between sleep and biopsychosocial factors. These profiles can potentially untangle the interplay between individuals' variability in sleep, health, cognition and lifestyle - equipping research and clinical settings to better support individual's well-being.

The First Report of Candida Auris Infection in Vietnam.

Infection caused by Candida auris ha C. auris s rapidly become a global health threat. C. auris created a significant healthcare burden due to various complicating factors, including misidentification by commercial identification methods, potent antifungal resistance, high mortality rates and the possibility of nosocomial outbreaks through direct contact. In Vietnam, there are currently no clinical reports on C. auris infections. Here, we present four clinical cases of C. auris infections in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Cho Ray Hospital in southern Vietnam. Through this report, we aim to highlight the attention to the emergence of C. auris in Vietnam. Further research on C. auris infections is warranted, focusing on newly observed clinical characteristics present in all cases in this report, including hypoalbuminaemia and corticosteroid usage. Moreover, one case of resistance to amphotericin B has been identified, possibly due to prior exposure to this antifungal agent. LEARNING POINTS: Further research on Candida auris infections is warranted, focusing on newly observed clinical features present in all cases in this report, including hypoalbuminaemia and corticosteroid use during hospitalisation.While Candida auris remains susceptible to commonly used antifungal drugs, one case of resistance to amphotericin B has been documented, possibly due to prior exposure to this antifungal agent.

The effectiveness of exercise interventions targeting sleep in older adults with cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sleep loss is associated with reduced health and quality of life, and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Up to 66% of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias experience poor sleep, which can predict or accelerate the progression of cognitive decline. Exercise is a widely accessible intervention for poor sleep that can protect against functional and cognitive decline. No previous systematic reviews have investigated the effectiveness of exercise for sleep in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We systematically reviewed controlled interventional studies of exercise targeting subjectively or objectively (polysomnography/actigraphy) assessed sleep in persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane-Library (n = 6745). Nineteen randomised and one non-randomised controlled interventional trials were included, representing the experiences of 3278 persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Ten had low-risk, nine moderate-risk, and one high-risk of bias. Six studies with subjective and eight with objective sleep outcomes were meta-analysed (random-effects model). We found moderate- to high-quality evidence for the beneficial effects of exercise on self-reported and objectively-measured sleep outcomes in persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, no studies examined key potential moderators of these effects, such as sex, napping or medication use. Our results have important implications for clinical practice. Sleep may be one of the most important modifiable risk factors for a range of health conditions, including cognitive decline and the progression of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Given our findings, clinicians may consider adding exercise as an effective intervention or adjuvant strategy for improving sleep in older persons with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

A Web-Based Dynamic Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Infection in Patients with Pneumonia.

The aim of this study was to create a dynamic web-based tool to predict the risks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) infection in patients with pneumonia. We conducted an observational study of patients with pneumonia at Cho Ray Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023. The Bayesian model averaging method and stepwise selection were applied to identify different sets of independent predictors. The final model was internally validated using the bootstrap method. We used receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration, and decision curve analyses to assess the nomogram model's predictive performance. Based on the American Thoracic Society, British Thoracic Society recommendations, and our data, we developed a model with significant risk factors, including tracheostomies or endotracheal tubes, skin infections, pleural effusions, and pneumatoceles, and used 0.3 as the optimal cut-off point. ROC curve analysis indicated an area under the curve of 0.7 (0.63-0.77) in the dataset and 0.71 (0.64-0.78) in 1000 bootstrap samples, with sensitivities of 92.39% and 91.11%, respectively. Calibration analysis demonstrated good agreement between the observed and predicted probability curves. When the threshold is above 0.3, we recommend empiric antibiotic therapy for MRS. The web-based dynamic interface also makes our model easier to use.

Methodological approach to sleep state misperception in insomnia disorder: Comparison between multiple nights of actigraphy recordings and a single night of polysomnography recording.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive assessment of sleep state misperception in insomnia disorder (INS) and good sleepers (GS) by comparing recordings performed for one night in-lab (PSG and night review) and during several nights at-home (actigraphy and sleep diaries). METHODS: Fifty-seven INS and 29 GS wore an actigraphy device and filled a sleep diary for two weeks at-home. They subsequently completed a PSG recording and filled a night review in-lab. Sleep perception index (subjective/objective × 100) of sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep duration (TST) and wake duration (TST) were computed and compared between methods and groups. RESULTS: GS displayed a tendency to overestimate TST and WASO but correctly perceived SOL. The degree of misperception was similar across methods within the GS group. In contrast, INS underestimated their TST and overestimated their SOL both in-lab and at-home, yet the severity of misperception of SOL was larger at-home than in-lab. Finally, INS overestimated WASO only in-lab while correctly perceiving it at-home. While only the degree of TST misperception was stable across methods in INS, misperception of SOL and WASO were dependent on the method used. CONCLUSIONS: We found that GS and INS exhibit opposite patterns and severity of sleep misperception. While the degree of misperception in GS was similar across methods, only sleep duration misperception was reliably detected by both in-lab and at-home methods in INS. Our results highlight that, when assessing sleep misperception in insomnia disorder, the environment and method of data collection should be carefully considered.

The effects of acute exercise and a nap on heart rate variability and memory in young sedentary adults.

Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system can contribute to memory consolidation during sleep. Whether fluctuations in cardiac autonomic activity during sleep following physical exercise contribute to the process of memory consolidation has not been studied. We assessed the effects of a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) nap following acute exercise on cardiac autonomic regulation assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to examine if HRV influences memory processes. Fifty-six (59% female) healthy young adults (23.14 ± 3.74 years) were randomly allocated to either the exercise plus nap (ExNap, n = 27) or nap alone (NoExNap, n = 29) groups. The ExNap group performed a 40-minute moderate-intensity cycling, while the NoExNap group was sedentary prior to learning 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants underwent a 60-minute NREM nap while measuring EKG, followed by a visual recognition test. Our results indicated that heart rate did not significantly differ between the groups (p = .243), whereas vagally mediated HRV indices were lower in the ExNap group compared to the NoExNap group (p < .05). There were no significant differences in sleep variables between the groups (p > .05). Recognition accuracy was significantly higher in the ExNap group than in the NoExNap group (p = .027). In addition, the recognition accuracy of the ExNap group was negatively associated with vagally mediated HRV (p < .05). Pre-nap acute exercise appears to attenuate parasympathetic activity and to alter the relationship between memory and cardiac autonomic activity.

Factors influencing older adults' participation in telehealth interventions for primary prevention and health promotion: A rapid review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify facilitators and barriers to older adults' participation in telehealth interventions for primary prevention and health promotion. METHODS: Relevant articles were searched using keywords in Embase and MEDLINE. Study characteristics, type of telehealth interventions and technology involved, as well as facilitators and barriers to their use, were extracted from selected articles. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model was used to organise data. RESULTS: A total of 24 articles (pertaining to 20 studies) were included. Nine facilitators and 11 barriers influencing the participation in telehealth interventions for primary prevention and health promotion among older adults were identified. The most recurrent facilitators were related to the individual's performance expectancy and effort expectancy, as well as the presence of a social dimension associated with the intervention (i.e. having a good relationship with the other participants in the program). The two most prevalent barriers were also related to effort expectancy and performance expectancy, followed by barriers related to the inherent characteristics of the technology and older adults' health condition. Experience, age and gender were also found to moderate technology use and acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: This rapid review highlights the importance of adopting a holistic perspective when designing telehealth interventions aimed at preventive and health promotion purposes among older adults.

Slow oscillation-spindle cross-frequency coupling predicts overnight declarative memory consolidation in older adults.

Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) between brain oscillations during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep (e.g. slow oscillations [SO] and spindles) may be a neural mechanism of overnight memory consolidation. Declines in CFC across the lifespan might accompany coinciding memory problems with ageing. However, there are few reports of CFC changes during sleep after learning in older adults, controlling for baseline effects. Our objective was to examine NREM CFC in healthy older adults, with an emphasis on spindle activity and SOs from frontal electroencephalogram (EEG), during a learning night after a declarative learning task, as compared to a baseline night without learning. Twenty-five older adults (M [SD] age = 69.12 [5.53] years; 64% female) completed a two-night study, with a pre- and post-sleep word-pair associates task completed on the second night. SO-spindle coupling strength and a measure of coupling phase distance from the SO up-state were both examined for between-night differences and associations with memory consolidation. Coupling strength and phase distance from the up-state peak were both stable between nights. Change in coupling strength between nights was not associated with memory consolidation, but a shift in coupling phase towards (vs. away from) the up-state peak after learning predicted better memory consolidation. Also, an exploratory interaction model suggested that associations between coupling phase closer to the up-state peak and memory consolidation may be moderated by higher (vs. lower) coupling strength. This study supports a role for NREM CFC in sleep-related memory consolidation in older adults.

The Role and Associated Factors of Liquid-Based Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Prospective Study.

Background Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has shown advantages over conventional smears (CS), but previous applications in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid have produced inconsistent results. This study compared LBC and CS for diagnosing lung cancer using BAL fluid. Methodology A prospective study was conducted on 92 patients suspected of having lung cancer. All patients underwent bronchoscopy and had a final diagnosis confirmed by histopathology of lesions tissue through biopsy. The study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two cytological methods, in a pair-wise fashion. In addition, the study evaluated the correlation of factors, such as the volume of fluid used in LBC and bronchoscopy lesion morphology, with the sensitivity of LBC. Results The study involved 78 participants who were diagnosed with lung cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of LBC were 25.7%, 100%, 100%, and 19.4%, respectively, whereas those of CS were 15.4%, 85.7%, 85.7%, and 15.4%, respectively. Although the sensitivity of LBC was higher than that of CS, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.096, McNemar test). Furthermore, the median fluid volume performed during LBC in patients with positive results was significantly higher than in those with negative results (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions The application of LBC to BAL fluid has demonstrated similar and potentially superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CS in detecting lung cancer. It is recommended that further investigation be undertaken to examine the relationship between the volume of fluid utilized during the LBC process and its diagnostic accuracy to enhance its sensitivity.

Age- and sex-specific associations between obstructive sleep apnea risk and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults: A 3-year longitudinal analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.

BACKGROUND: Whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of cognitive decline and how sex and age influence this association is not clear. Here, we characterized the sex- and age-specific associations between OSA risk and 3-year cognitive change in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We included 24,819 participants aged 45-85 (52% women) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. OSA risk was measured at baseline using the STOP combined to body mass index (STOP-B). Neuropsychological tests assessed memory, executive functioning, and psychomotor speed at baseline and at 3-year follow-up. We conducted age- and sex-specific linear mixed models to estimate the predictive role of baseline STOP-B score on 3-year cognitive change. RESULTS: Men at high-risk for OSA aged 45-59 years showed a steeper decline in psychomotor speed (+13.2 [95% CI: -1.6, 27.9]) compared to men at low-risk. Men at high-risk for OSA aged 60-69 showed a steeper decline in mental flexibility (-1.2 [-1.9, -0.5]) and processing speed (+0.6 [0.3, 0.9]) than those at low-risk. Women at high-risk for OSA aged 45-59 showed a steeper decline in processing speed (+0.1 [-0.2, 0.4]) than women at low-risk, while women at high-risk ≥70 years had a steeper decline in memory (-0.2 [-0.6, 0.1]) and processing speed (+1.0 [0.4, 1.5]). CONCLUSIONS: Associations between OSA risk and cognitive decline over 3 years depend on age and sex. Being at high-risk for OSA is associated with a generalized cognitive decline in attention and processing speed, while a memory decline is specific to older women (≥70 years).

Insomnia symptoms among older adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic, psychological, and health factors related to trajectories of insomnia symptoms in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: From May 2020 to May 2021, 644 older adults (mean age = 78.73, SD = 5.60) completed telephone-administered self-reported measures (ie, Insomnia Severity Index, consensus sleep diaries, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Post-Traumatic Checklist, perceived health threat, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and provided sociodemographic data at 4 timepoints. Using the Insomnia Severity Index score at each timepoint, group-based trajectory modeling was conducted to identify groups with distinct insomnia trajectories. RESULTS: On average, there was no significant change in insomnia symptoms over time. Three groups with distinct sleep trajectories were identified: clinical (11.8%), subthreshold (25.3%), and good sleepers (62.9%). Older adults who were younger, male, had elevated psychological distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, perceived more SARS-CoV-2 health threat, spent more time in bed, and had shorter sleep duration during the first wave of the pandemic were more likely to belong to the clinical than to the good sleepers group. Those who were younger, female, had elevated psychological distress and PTSD symptoms, greater loneliness, spent more time in bed, and had reduced sleep duration during the first wave were more likely to belong to the subthreshold than to the good sleepers group. CONCLUSIONS: Over 1 in 3 older adults experienced persistent subthreshold or clinically significant insomnia symptoms. Both sleep-related behaviors as well as general and COVID-19-related psychological factors were associated with insomnia trajectories.

Development of a highly sensitive point-of-care test for African swine fever that combines EZ-Fast DNA extraction with LAMP detection: Evaluation using naturally infected swine whole blood samples from Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: While early detection and early containment are key to controlling the African swine fever (ASF) pandemic, the lack of practical testing methods for use in the field are a major barrier to achieving this feat. OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of a rapid and sensitive point-of-care test (POCT) for ASF, and its evaluation using swine whole blood samples for field settings. METHODS: In total, 89 swine whole blood samples were collected from Vietnamese swine farms and were performed the POCT using a combination of crude DNA extraction and LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) amplification. RESULTS: The POCT enabled crude DNA to be extracted from swine whole blood samples within 10 min at extremely low cost and with relative ease. The entire POCT required a maximum of 50 min from the beginning of DNA extraction to final judgment. Compared to a conventional real-time PCR detection, the POCT showed a 1 log reduction in detection sensitivity, but comparable diagnostic sensitivity of 100% (56/56) and diagnostic specificity of 100% (33/33). The POCT was quicker and easier to perform and did not require special equipment. CONCLUSIONS: This POCT is expected to facilitate early diagnosis and containment of ASF invasion into both regions in which it is endemic and eradicated.

Acute evening high-intensity interval training may attenuate the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on long-term declarative memory.

Recent evidence shows that a nap and acute exercise synergistically enhanced memory. Additionally, human-based cross-sectional studies and animal experiments suggest that physical exercise may mitigate the cognitive impairments of poor sleep quality and sleep restriction, respectively. We evaluated whether acute exercise may offset sleep restriction's impairment of long-term declarative memory compared to average sleep alone. A total of 92 (82% females) healthy young adults (24.6 ± 4.2 years) were randomly allocated to one of four evening groups: sleep restriction only (S5, 5-6 h/night), average sleep only (S8, 8-9 h/night), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) before restricted sleep (HIITS5), or HIIT before average sleep (HIITS8). Groups either followed a 15-min remote HIIT video or rest period in the evening (7:00 p.m.) prior to encoding 80 face-name pairs. Participants completed an immediate retrieval task in the evening. The next morning a delayed retrieval task was given after their subjectively documented sleep opportunities. Long-term declarative memory performance was assessed with the discriminability index (d') during the recall tasks. While our results showed that the d' of S8 (0.58 ± 1.37) was not significantly different from those of HIITS5 (-0.03 ± 1.64, p = 0.176) and HIITS8 (-0.20 ± 1.28, p = 0.092), there was a difference in d' compared to S5 (-0.35 ± 1.64, p = 0.038) at the delayed retrieval. These results suggest that the acute evening HIIT partially reduced the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on long-term declarative memory.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderates the interpersonal consequences of brooding rumination.

Brooding rumination is an intrapersonal emotion regulation strategy associated with negative interpersonal consequences. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a psychophysiological marker of self-regulatory capacity, may buffer the association between maladaptive emotion regulation and negative interpersonal behaviors. The current work examines the moderating effect of RSA on the association between brooding rumination and different negative interpersonal consequences. Across three convenience samples, individuals with lower RSA showed a stronger association between brooding rumination and more negative interpersonal behaviors as well as less perception of received instrumental social support (Study 1; n = 154), higher levels of interviewer-rated interpersonal stress (Study 2; n = 42) and a stronger indirect association between brooding rumination and depressive symptoms via daily interpersonal stress (Study 3; n = 222). These findings highlight the negative interpersonal consequences of brooding rumination, particularly among individuals with lower RSA.