ABSTRACT
To assess cell-mediated immunity in terms of host protection, an experimental model was developed in which passively transferred spleen cells from immunized AKR/J mice enabled nonimmume syngeneic recipients to survive an otherwise fatal infection with fully virulent Francisella tularensis. Donor immunization was achieved by administering live attenuted tularemia vaccine and, subsequently, the virulent streptomycin-sensitive SCHU S4 strain of F. tularensis. At selected intervals after immunization, donor spleen cells were transferred to streptomycin-treated recipients challenged subcutaneously, intravenously, or intraperitoneally with 25 to 50 minimal lethal doses of virulent streptomycin-resistant F. tularensis SCHU S5. The protection afforded by immune spleen cells was maximal (essentially 100%) 12 days after the SCHU S4 secondary immunization.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Immunity, Cellular , Tularemia/immunology , Animals , Female , Francisella tularensis , Immune Tolerance , Immunization, Passive , Immunization, Secondary , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Injections, Subcutaneous , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Spleen/immunology , Tularemia/mortality , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The burst in oxidative metabolism that is mediated through activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt and accompanies particle ingestion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was used as the indicator in an in vitro radiometabolic assay for detection of specific opsonizing antibody to Francisella tularensis. Release of 14CO2 from radiolabeled glucose was increased significantly when specific immune serum added to suspensions of monkey polymorphonuclear leukocytes and F. tularensis. With this method, opsonizing antibodies to F. tularensis were detected in monkey serum 3 days after vaccination. Significantly increased opsonic activity in these monkeys preceded the appearance of, and persisted longer than, antibody activity as determined by conventional serological techniques. In addition, sera from 11 of 12 humans that were immunized 1 month to 13 years previously and had nondiagnostic agglutinating antibody titers demonstrated significant opsonizing activity.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Francisella tularensis/immunology , Neutrophils/immunology , Opsonin Proteins , Animals , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Carbon Radioisotopes , Erythrocytes/immunology , Glucose/metabolism , Hemagglutination Tests , Macaca mulatta , Methods , Phagocytosis , Polysaccharides, Bacterial , VaccinationSubject(s)
Amino Acids/blood , Circadian Rhythm , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/physiology , Adrenal Glands/physiology , Adrenalectomy , Alanine/blood , Aminobutyrates/blood , Animals , Arginine/blood , Aspartic Acid/blood , Cystine/blood , Densitometry , Glutamates/blood , Glutamine/blood , Glycine/blood , Histidine/blood , Isoleucine/blood , Leucine/blood , Lysine/blood , Methionine/blood , Mice , Serine/blood , Threonine/blood , Tryptophan/blood , Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism , Tyrosine/blood , Valine/bloodSubject(s)
Disease Reservoirs , Plague/epidemiology , Animals , Disease Outbreaks , Insect Control , Insect Vectors , Insecticides/pharmacology , Plague/complications , Plague/microbiology , Plague/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Rodent Diseases/microbiology , Seasons , Siphonaptera/drug effects , Vietnam , Yersinia pestis/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Sawyer, William D. (U.S. Army Medical Unit, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), Joseph V. Jemski, Arthur L. Hogge, Jr., Henry T. Eigelsbach, Elwood K. Wolfe, Harry G. Dangerfield, William S. Gochenour, Jr., and Dan Crozier. Effect of aerosol age on the infectivity of airborne Pasteurella tularensis for Macaca mulatta and man. J. Bacteriol. 91:2180-2184. 1966.-In aging aerosols of Pasteurella tularensis SCHU-S4, the respiratory infectivity for man and Macaca mulatta decreased more rapidly than the viability of the organisms. Infectivity was diminished after 120 min, and was reduced 10-fold after 180 min. These findings confirmed previous observations made in mice and guinea pigs, and also revealed that smaller losses of infectivity were detectable in the primate hosts.
