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1.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 30(1): 103-110, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36202316

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a need to develop an awareness raising tool for GPs to reach out their patients in order to increase blood donation. The main objective was to create and validate a tool to raise awareness about blood donation that meets acceptability and preference criteria and is applicable in general practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three phases. 1. Tool creation: A stakeholder meeting co-developed three potential tools to raise awareness about blood donation: a consulting room poster, a waiting room poster and a lapel badge for the doctor. Three GPs pilot-tested each tool for one day during their regular consultations. Then, once the pilot was completed each GP assessed acceptability and preference using a semi-structured interview, and patients were also interviewed. 2. Consensual tool selection: An appropriate tool was selected based on pilot data using nominal group technique and expert review. 3. The tool was validated for its acceptability in practice via a quantitative questionnaire distributed electronically to GPs. RESULTS: The consensual tool selected by the nominal group was a combination of elements from all three tools trialled in the pilot, reported to be non-intrusive and convenient for both GPs and patients. Patient responses indicated a high level of acceptability and indicated a strong preference for self-generated discussion of the topic with their GP. In the validation step, 217 responses to the quantitative questionnaire were received: 74.5% of responses fulfilled the acceptability criteria for using this combined tool in general practice. Furthermore, 93.1% of GPs indicated they would use the tool in the proposed format for the purpose of raising awareness. DISCUSSION: The validation of our blood donation awareness tool for use in general practice justifies its evaluation on a larger scale as part of a wider blood donation awareness campaign.


Subject(s)
General Practitioners , Humans , Blood Donation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 26(3): 184-187, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31253495

ABSTRACT

Among the research developed in social psychology, there is a field of study questioning the mechanisms that explain prosocial behaviors. In 1956, the first links between transfusion medicine and social psychology were formed, with the study of underlying motivations to blood donation behavior. Sixty years later, the number of "fundamental" and "applied" research has widely increased, and we now have a theoretical understanding of blood donation engagement's levers, as well as experimental demonstrations of methods to activate these levers. Thus, the literature offers several strategies experimentally verified to improve the recruitment and retaining of blood donors. These methods can go from specific speeches when soliciting donors, to changes in the blood donation environment, etc. They aim either at impacting the donation experience, at obtaining a change in the donor's behavior, or at changing the determinants of blood donation. Yet, it is clear that the knowledge from the research in social psychology is not really deployed on the field by the organizations that could benefit from it. In this article, we will try to develop the difficulty regarding the application of fundamental and experimental knowledge, and to underline the implications for the blood transfusion establishments. We will then present the psychosocial and cognitive engineering method, and argue its relevance to answer this problematic.


Subject(s)
Blood Banks/organization & administration , Blood Donors/psychology , Organizational Innovation , Persuasive Communication , Altruism , Attitude to Health , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Blood Transfusion/economics , Blood Transfusion/psychology , Helping Behavior , Humans , Motivation , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Plasma , Remuneration , Syncope, Vasovagal/etiology , Volunteers
3.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 24(3): 106-109, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28645645

ABSTRACT

The major contribution of Human Sciences in the understanding of the whole blood donation behavior has been through the study of individuals' motivations and deterrents to donate. However, if whole blood donation has been very widely studied in the last sixty years, we still know very little about plasma donation in voluntary non-remunerated environments. Yet, the need for plasma-derived products has been strongly increasing for some years, and blood collection agencies have to adapt if they want to meet this demand. This article aims to review the main motivations and deterrents to whole blood donation, and to compare them with those that we already know concerning plasma donation. Current evidence shows similarities between both behaviors, but also differences that indicate a need for further research regarding plasma donation.


Subject(s)
Blood Component Transfusion , Blood Donors/psychology , Motivation , Plasma , Altruism , Attitude to Health , Blood Component Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Plasmapheresis/psychology , Time Factors , Tissue and Organ Procurement/methods , Volunteers/psychology
4.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 24(2): 76-82, 2017 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28476210

ABSTRACT

The not-for-profit issue has been debated in November 2016 in Paris; this issue is one of the four canonical pillars of ethical blood donation. It is intimately bound to benevolence though it is distinct, as not-for-profit calls for institutions while benevolence calls for individuals. It is indeed intended that voluntary blood donors do not benefit from their donation and are thus non-remunerated. Not-for-profit is essential since it refers to the public character of blood as a putative public resource aimed at being shared as a tribute of solidarity. A central question however is linked to the capacity- or not -of public sectors to ensure that blood components are universally available, with special mention to plasma derived drugs, without the contribution of the for profit, private sector.


Subject(s)
Beneficence , Blood Donors/ethics , Blood Transfusion/ethics , Academies and Institutes , France , Humans , Motivation
5.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 24(2): 38-46, 2017 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28336244

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study, based on the Theory of planned behavior, is to identify and ultimately better understand what determines the fidelity and the regularity of donors committed in plasmapheresis donation. This qualitative study is a primary stage to establish a classification of donors in a French socio-cultural context. For this reason, we have carried out a survey among 16 regular plasmapheresis donors, by way of semi-structured individual interviews at the Établissement français du sang - Brittany. The level of commitment of these regular donors is considered as a level of appropriation. If subjective norms have initially influenced their decision to donate blood, no specific motivation has been highlighted for them to donate plasma except a generally favourable attitude towards the voluntary donation process. The perception of control over their environment is a variable which played a decisive role in the donor's intention to give, with little cost associated to plasmapheresis donation and recourse to internal causal explanations. A better comprehension of the plasmapheresis donors' determinants should lead us to a more efficient awareness of new potential donors, thereby enhancing recruitment and retention. Due to the increasing need for plasma-derived products, this study's ultimate issue is closely correlated both with ethical and socio-economic aspects. Following which, after analysing the results, a certain number of recommendations will be made.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors/psychology , Plasmapheresis/psychology , Social Behavior , Adult , Aged , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Female , France , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , Plasmapheresis/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Surveys and Questionnaires , Volunteers
6.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 23(3): 119-26, 2016 Sep.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27443188

ABSTRACT

Ethics is on the cross road of off values that are present along the ways of transfusion medicine. This is an important tool to afford opinions as well as debates that always emerge when discussing transfusion medicine. The wording is particularly important; this was one among several others that characterized the soul of Jean-Jacques Lefrère when he opened the doors of the ethical issues of transfusion medicine.


Subject(s)
Transfusion Medicine/ethics , Attitude to Health , Blood , Blood Transfusion/ethics , Blood Transfusion/history , Blood Transfusion/psychology , Curriculum , Ethics, Medical/education , Ethics, Medical/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Literature, Modern , Medicine in Literature , Paris , Transfusion Medicine/education , Transfusion Medicine/history , Universities/history
7.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 23(3): 168-74, 2016 Sep.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27424281

ABSTRACT

Voluntariness stands for one of the four pillars of ethics in blood donation; it is, however, more related to tradition than to legislation. Because it seems necessary to apply "marketing" techniques to blood collection in order to meet the needs in blood components, both in terms of quantity and quality, one wonders if this may be at the expense of this principle of voluntariness. This seminar-belonging actually to a series of seminars in Ethics in Transfusion Medicine-aimed at questioning the possible weakness of voluntariness in the field of blood donation. To achieve this goal, specialists of numerous disciplines in medical sciences, law and humanities gathered to discuss all related issues to voluntariness in blood donation.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors/ethics , Transfusion Medicine/ethics , Volunteers , Altruism , Attitude to Health , Blood Donors/legislation & jurisprudence , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Safety , Blood Transfusion/economics , Blood Transfusion/ethics , Blood Transfusion/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Motivation , Persuasive Communication , Power, Psychological , Remuneration , Social Values
8.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 22(3): 112-26, 2015 Aug.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26068884

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: To achieve blood supply, EFS organizes mobile blood collection sessions (80% of whole blood supply), close to target blood donors. Mobile sessions planning is usually developed in partnership with organizations of voluntary blood donors, based on the experience of previous sessions. However, population moving to urban areas and lifestyles changing force to focus on objective demographic analysis to determine a prospective vision of potentialities to ensure blood supply. METHOD: For blood supply management, EFS recently implemented innovative methods of mapping, through Geographic Information System software (GIS) that allow a spatial representation of different indicators. Geomatics engineering gathers and processes spatially referenced information about blood collections and blood donors, combining data from EFS and data from IGN or INSEE. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The authors present some examples of geomatics applied to blood supply and a feedback on the implementation of these tools in a French region. These innovative tools enhance expertise and increase the mastery of analysis for blood supply strategies.


Subject(s)
Geographic Information Systems , Mobile Health Units , Blood Donors/supply & distribution , Blood Transfusion , Demography , France , Humans , Software
9.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 22(1): 5-11, 2015 Mar.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25441455

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Brittany is a low prevalence region for hemoglobinopathies. Despite of that, the number of patients is increasing each year. In 2013, 140 patients were known at the EFS Bretagne, and medical consultations are growing for 50% each year since 2011. The consequence is an increase of needs of 22% of compatible packed red blood cells. To anticipate the announced progress, various actions were implemented as study groups, creation of a new informatic prescription for red blood cells phenotyping, promotion of donation, transfusion organisation. RESULTS: Fifthty-nine percent of the 400 ABO RH-KELL, FY, JK, MNS 3, 4, red blood cells were realised on the basis of this new informatic prescription, as the 99% of the packed red blood cells identified Fy (a- b-). So, 92% of the compatible transfused packed red blood cells were already in stock when the patients needed them. CONCLUSIONS: In Brittany, that organisation leads to assume qualitative and quantitative transfusion for sickle cell disease in more than 90% of cases, with fast distribution. In the same time promotion of donation is done to increase the diversity of donors.


Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Transfusion , Health Services Needs and Demand/organization & administration , Hemoglobinopathies/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , France , Humans
10.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 20(4): 423-39, 2013 Sep.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23916572

ABSTRACT

Blood donation is an act of solidarity. Most often, this act is done on a volunteer basis and, depending on countries and circumstances, is not remunerated. The increase in need, the always-greater number of deferral criteria, the safety issues and the changes in the structures of our societies are among the many subjects for ethical debates. Taking these into account, the actors of the transfusion must analyze certain parameters: the value of a donation, the meaning of volunteering, the appropriateness of remunerating the act of giving a part of one's self, no longer as a donation or an expression of altruism and solidarity, but as a commercial act regimented by economic laws.


Subject(s)
Blood Safety , Blood Transfusion/ethics , Altruism , Anonymous Testing , Biological Products , Blood Donors/ethics , Blood Donors/legislation & jurisprudence , Blood Donors/psychology , Blood Safety/ethics , Blood Safety/methods , Blood Transfusion/economics , Blood Transfusion/legislation & jurisprudence , Blood-Borne Pathogens , Confidentiality , Developing Countries , Evidence-Based Medicine , France , Health Policy , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Motivation , Organ Trafficking/ethics , Plasma , Remuneration , Risk Assessment , Social Responsibility
11.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 20(2): 115-7, 2013 May.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23537956

ABSTRACT

Historically, blood transfusion has been divised, enhanced and organized by physicians. The special status of blood led to ensure that collection of blood and its components were placed under the supervision of a physician. Throughout its history, blood transfusion organization in France has established an exclusive exercise of the collection of blood and its components entrusted to doctors, thus creating the concept of "medicine of donation". This view is changing, and programmed exercise of this activity by nurses led to question about this profession perimeter, its necessary evolution, and finally about the place of physicians in blood supply.


Subject(s)
Blood Safety , Blood Transfusion , Physician's Role , Tissue and Organ Harvesting , Blood Banks/organization & administration , France , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Nurse's Role , Physician's Role/history , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/history , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/standards
12.
Vox Sang ; 102(1): 13-21, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21692806

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In France, men who have sex with men (MSM) are permanently excluded from blood donation. This policy is felt to be discriminatory by MSM activists. Furthermore, the policy is not fully respected because some MSM do not report their sexual behaviour before donating. METHODS: We estimated the fraction of the current risk of HIV attributed to MSM. We then constructed a model based on data obtained from behavioural and epidemiological surveys to assess the impact of a new strategy in which MSM would only be deferred if they report more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months. RESULTS: Thirty-one HIV seroconversions occurred among repeat donors between 2006 and 2008, giving a risk of one in 2 440 000 donations. Fifteen of these seroconversions (48%) were MSM. If all MSM had abstained from donating blood, the risk would have been 1 in 4 700 000 donations, half the current risk. The new strategy would result in an overall HIV risk of between 1 in 3 000 000 (close to the current risk) to 1 in 650 000 donations (3·7 times higher than the current risk). CONCLUSIONS: Changing the current MSM deferral policy may increase the risk of transfusion-transmission of HIV. However, this does not take into account a possible better compliance with MSM with a less stringent policy that would be perceived as more equitable. Conversely, relaxing the policy could encourage some MSM to seek an HIV test in blood centres. Thus, further qualitative study is needed to assess possible changes in compliance linked to a new policy.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Blood Transfusion/standards , Donor Selection/methods , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Homosexuality, Male , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , France , HIV/metabolism , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk , Sexual Behavior
14.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 18(2): 206-17, 2011 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21466968

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Predonation interview accounts for a major step in transfusion safety. In France, it must be performed by a physician, following a methodical questioning and a standardized questionnaire. Faced with this evolution, the value of a strictly medical expertise has been progressively losing importance. In many countries, blood donor selection is being organized by non medical trained staff (Québec, Switzerland, e.g.). A decree of April 30, 2006 allowed the Établissement français du sang to experiment a predonation interview by an authorized paramedical staff in the form of a two-phase prospective multicenter study over a year. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Phase I "experimental situation": six physician/nurse teams among three blood transfusion centres interviewed 1940 blood-donation candidates, including 253 new donors (13% out of total). Phase 2 "observational study": 3222 blood-donation candidates were interviewed either by a physician or a nurse. RESULTS: In phase I, nurses were able to make a decision without the physician's help in 1921 cases. A total of 1628 candidates were decided capable of donating blood both by physicians and nurses, 174 donors were rejected both by physicians and nurses and 69 were rejected either by physicians or nurses. In phase 2, out of 3222 blood-donation candidates, an average of 12.1% were rejected by nurses and 10% by physicians. CONCLUSION: The study reported a weaker variability among nurses. Results show that nurses were able to perform predonation interviews with high reliability, without additional risk. The reproducibility of their answers in the field of recipient-risk evaluation was better than the physicians.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Blood Safety , Donor Selection/methods , Interviews as Topic , Nurses , Physicians , Accreditation , Allied Health Personnel , Blood Banks , Blood Donors/psychology , Decision Making , Donor Selection/legislation & jurisprudence , Donor Selection/statistics & numerical data , Feasibility Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Workforce
15.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 17(5-6): 382-5, 2010 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21051264

ABSTRACT

In the different forms of art developed by Humanity over the centuries, artists have at times chosen themes from the world of medicine or health, such as blood donation or transfusion. In order to illustrate this, we have looked at three artistic domains: painting, movies and body art.


Subject(s)
Art , Blood , Motion Pictures , Blood Transfusion , Ceremonial Behavior , Fantasy , Female , Humans , Male , Medicine in the Arts , Menstruation , Postpartum Hemorrhage , Pregnancy , Symbolism , Warfare
16.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 17(5-6): 301-5, 2010 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21051270

ABSTRACT

The notification of serious adverse events occurring resulting from the collection of blood or blood components is a statutory requirement. The value of this set of surveillance procedures is the use of data collected. This article focuses on the organization of the French notification system, and the management of the main side effects known and reported.


Subject(s)
Blood Component Removal/adverse effects , Blood Donors , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Arteries/injuries , Citric Acid/adverse effects , Hematoma/epidemiology , Hematoma/etiology , Humans , Incidence , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Pain/epidemiology , Pain/etiology , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Phlebitis/epidemiology , Phlebitis/etiology , Syncope, Vasovagal/etiology , Tetany/chemically induced , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiology , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
17.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 16(2): 209-13, 2009 May.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19443250

ABSTRACT

The ministerial decree of 12 January 2009 fixing the criteria for the selection of blood donors establishes the list of contraindications for blood donation according to the appendix to the European directive 2004/33/EC. This text regroups the preexisting guidelines and reinforces their regulatory status, which illustrates the importance attributed to the selection of donors within the dispositions ensuring transfusion safety. It introduces more flexibility with respect to the preexisting criteria taking into account the improvement in life expectancy and the continual increase in transfusion requirements. Thus, the rules for donation authorize up to 24 donations annually and one may give whole blood up to six times per year for men and four times for women, up to the age of 70, the risk of anaemia now being well controlled. The medical rules are more flexible in the areas of haemochromatosis, allergies and autoimmune diseases and for the collection of plasma for fractionation. Some expected changes were not approved in certain cases due to the preeminence of the corresponding criteria in the European directive, like for cured cancers, in other cases in view of an analysis of the available epidemiological data or potential risks like for sexual relations between men and the risks linked to prions or emerging agents (transfusion antecedents). These selection criteria will be revised every year, which should permit their adaptation to the current state of knowledge, although the extent of the revisions will be limited by the updating of the European text on which they are based.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors/legislation & jurisprudence , Blood Transfusion , Adolescent , Adult , Autoimmune Diseases/blood , Contraindications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , European Union , Female , France , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/blood , Parasitic Diseases/blood , Pregnancy
18.
Vox Sang ; 95(3): 226-31, 2008 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19121187

ABSTRACT

Plasmodial transmission by blood donation is rare in non-endemic countries, but a very serious complication of blood transfusion. The French national blood service (Etablissement Français du Sang and Centre de Transfusion sanguine des Armees) intended to revise the measures to strengthen blood safety with regard to Plasmodiae as transmissible pathogens. To limit the risk of transmission during infusion, serious additive measures have been taken for more than a decade in France, which is the European country with the highest rate of exposure to imported plasmodial infections or malaria. These measures were revised and strengthened after the occurrence of a lethal transfusion-transmitted infection in 2002, but did not prevent another occurrence in 2006. This report examines the weaknesses of the systems and aims at emphasizing the safety measures already taken and addresses issues to best respond to that risk.


Subject(s)
Blood Banks , Blood Transfusion , Malaria/prevention & control , Plasmodium , Safety , Female , France , Humans , Malaria/transmission , Male , Risk Factors , Risk Management
19.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 12(3): 287-9, 2005 Jul.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15963750

ABSTRACT

Blood donation is framed by regulations whose finality is to guarantee the safety of blood transfusions and to preserve the health of the donors. Each blood donation is preceded by a medical interview which evaluates the aptitude of the donor to support a 400 to 600 mL collection of blood or its components, and checks the absence of exposure to blood-borne diseases. The criteria of exclusion of blood donation are defined on clinical and epidemiologic arguments. The aim of blood donors selection is consisting in managing the residual infectious risk caused by known pathogens, risk related to the window period due to recent contaminations, the absence of technique of pathogens inactivation available for the cellular blood products, and the risk inherent in any production process. Blood donors selection proved to be the only means of reducing the risk of transmission of an emergent agent by blood transfusion.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors/legislation & jurisprudence , Blood Transfusion/legislation & jurisprudence , Blood Transfusion/standards , France , Humans , Patient Selection , Safety
20.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 12(2): 153-9, 2005 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15894504

ABSTRACT

In France, more than two million blood donations are needed for transfusion each year. The rules and requirements for blood donors selection are strict and aim to protect the donors' health as well as the patients'security. However, the review of the literature shows that adverse effects of blood withdrawal occur quite frequently. They can be classified in immediate or delayed events, or local (hematoma, nerve injury, arterial puncture injury, allergy, veinitis, thrombosis) and general reactions (vasovagal reaction, citrate toxicity, cardiovascular failure, allergy to ethylene oxide, adverse effects of drugs used for some types of donation). This article reviews the principal adverse events described in the literature and concludes with the necessity to set up hemovigilance for donors, as defined in directive 2002/98/EC of the European parliament and of the council.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Adult , Female , France/epidemiology , Hematoma/epidemiology , Hematoma/etiology , Humans , Hypersensitivity/etiology , Hypovolemia/etiology , Male , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Syncope, Vasovagal/epidemiology , Syncope, Vasovagal/etiology , Tetany/etiology , Vascular Diseases/epidemiology , Vascular Diseases/etiology
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