Effects of physical training on functional, clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes in post-COVID-19 infection: COVID-19 and REhabilitation study (CORE-study)-a study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing, with a significant number of survivors who have experienced moderate to severe clinical conditions and who have suffered losses of great magnitude, especially in functional capacity, triggering limitations to daily autonomy and quality of life. Among the possibilities of intervention for disease rehabilitation, physical exercise training stands out, which can benefit several health outcomes and favours the adoption of healthier behaviours. Therefore, the aim of the study will be to analyse the effects of physical training on the functional, clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial status in adults and the elderly following COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A randomised controlled clinical trial is to be conducted in parallel, with the experimental group undergoing an intervention involving a multicomponent physical rehabilitation programme, carried out at the Sports Center in partnership with the Academic Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, in Florianópolis, Brazil. Participants will be adults and the elderly, of both sexes, in a post-COVID-19-infection state, who were hospitalised during the infection. The intervention will have a total duration of 24 weeks and will include a multicomponent physical training programme, which will have gradual progression in frequency, duration and intensity over time. Regarding the outcomes, before, at the 12th and after 24 weeks of intervention, functional (primary outcome = functional index of aerobic capacity), clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes will be assessed. DISCUSSION: This study will contribute to a greater understanding of the safety, adherence and benefits of physical training in the rehabilitation of post-COVID-19 patients. The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at congresses, workshops, peer-reviewed publications and local and international conferences, especially with a view to proposing a post-COVID-19 rehabilitation care protocol. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReBEC, RBR-10y6jhrs . Registered on 22 February 2022. 2015.

Nine weeks of combined training improve functional and morphological outcomes in trained older people with cardiometabolic risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The study is characterized as a single group experiment, with the aim of verifying the responses of functional capacity and body composition, after a combined training program with undulating periodization, of low cost and easy applicability, in volunteers with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Experimental study carried out with individuals of both sexes, with cardiometabolic risk factors, members of a Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Program (PROCOR) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). A combined physical training program (aerobic and strength) with load training progression was used, performed at a frequency of three weekly sessions, on alternate days, for nine weeks and using shin guards, elastic bands or just body weight. Functional capacity, anthropometric profile and body composition of individuals were evaluated before and after the intervention. The comparison of data before and after the intervention period was performed using the Student's t-test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Improvements statistically significant were observed in the tests related to functional capacity, "Sit and Stand", "8-foot-up-and-go" at usual and maximum speeds and "March", along with a decrease in anthropometric measurements of hip circumference, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat mass in the android region. In addition, the program was well-tolerated with a low rate of sample losses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that only 9 weeks of combined training at low cost and easy applicability is able to promote improvement in parameters related to functional capacity, anthropometric profile, and body composition of trained older people with cardiovascular risk factors.

Excesso de adiposidade corporal periférica, central e geral em adolescentes de uma cidade do sul do Brasil / Excess of peripheral, central and general body adiposity in adolescents in a city in southern Brazil

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida associados ao excesso de adiposidade periférica, central e geral em adolescentes. Método: estudo transversal, realizado na cidade de São José/Santa Catarina, Brasil, com 1.132 adolescentes (14-19 anos). As variáveis dependentes foram adiposidade periférica (dobra cutânea [DC] do tríceps), central (DC subescapular) e geral (presença de adiposidade periférica e central), classificadas pelo percentil 90 do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As variáveis independentes foram nível econômico, atividade física (AF) e hábitos alimentares, obtidos por meio de questionários. A maturação sexual foi avaliada segundo critérios de Tanner. Resultados: o excesso de adiposidade periférica, central e geral, foi de 11,1%, 10,3% e 7,1%, respectivamente, para adolescentes do sexo masculino e, 13,1%,14,7% e 9,8%, respectivamente, para adolescentes do sexo feminino. Os adolescentes do sexo masculino com baixos níveis de AF apresentaram maiores chances de excesso de adiposidade periférica (OR:2,32; IC95%: 1,09-5,37). As adolescentes do sexo feminino, no estágio maturacional pós-púbere apresentaram maiores chances de excesso de adiposidade central (OR:3,80; IC95%:2,25-6,41) e geral (OR:3,31; IC95%:1,79-6,10), e aquelas que estudavam no período noturno apresentaram menores chances de ter excesso de adiposidade central (OR:0,35; IC95%:0,18-0,71) e geral (OR:0,43; IC95%:0,19-0,95). Conclusão: o excesso de adiposidade se fez presente, sendo que o baixo nível de AF para os adolescentes do sexo masculino, o estágio maturacional póspúbere e o turno de estudo diurno foram fatores associados ao excesso de adiposidade para as adolescentes do sexo feminino. (AU)

Objective: to estimate the prevalence and to analyze sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with excess peripheral, central and general adiposity in adolescents. Method: a cross-sectional study, conducted in the city of São José/Santa Catarina, Brazil, with 1,132 adolescents (14-19 years old). The dependent variables were peripheral adiposity (tríceps skinfold), central (subscapular skinfold) and general (presence of peripheral and central adiposity), classified from the 90th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention curve. The independent variables were economic level, physical activity (PA) and eating habits, obtained through questionnaires. The sexual maturation was evaluated according to Tanner criteria. Results: the excess of central and general peripheral adiposity was 11.1%, 10.3% and 7.1%, respectively, for male adolescents and 13.1%, 14.7% and 9.8%, respectively, for adolescent females. Males with low PA l evels presented higher odds of excess peripheral adiposity (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.09-5.37). The female adolescents in the post-pubertal maturational stage presented higher odds of excess central adiposity (OR: 3.80; 95% CI: 2.25-6.41) and general adiposity (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.79-6.10), and those who studied at night had a lower chance of having excess central adiposity (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.71) and general adiposity (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). Conclusion: the excess of adiposity was present and that the low level of PA for the male adolescents, the post-pubertal maturational stage and the daytime shift were factors associated with excess adiposity for female adolescents. (AU)