ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The child behavior checklist-Juvenile bipolar disorder phenotype (CBCL-JBD) has been proposed as a distinct profile specific to children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The objective of this study was to examine whether bipolar disorder youth with depression exhibit the "CBCL-Juvenile bipolar disorder phenotype." METHODS: Thirty-two adolescents, ages 12-18 years, with a depressive episode associated with bipolar I disorder were recruited, and their primary caregivers completed the CBCL. RESULTS: Only the internalizing subscale (mean=70.2, SD=9.7) and total score (mean=71.5, SD=8.9) reached clinical significance (>70). Moreover, the CBCL-JBD profile scores of our subjects (204.6, SD=27.5) did not reach clinical significance (>210). LIMITATIONS: Our subjects differed demographically from those in studies that have confirmed the CBCL-Juvenile bipolar disorder phenotype with regards to sex, age and ADHD comorbidity, thus limiting the interpretability of our comparisons with other studies. Furthermore, our investigation involved a small sample size and did not include a control group, which should be addressed in future studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that the CBCL-JBD profile is not characteristic of depressed youth with bipolar disorder. Better assessment tools for making an accurate and efficient diagnosis of bipolar disorder are needed so that appropriate treatment can be implemented and significant morbidity and mortality are minimized.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Checklist , Depression/epidemiology , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Female , Humans , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The methanolic extract of roots of Cimicifuga racemosa and its methanolysis products have been analysed by GC-MS. 2-Hexylcyclopropaneoctanoic acid (9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid) was found to be the marker most specific for the identification for this herb. For the phytochemical standardisation of Rhizoma Cimicifugae racemosae, validated methods for the quantitative analysis of formononetin (by TLC-fluorometry), of isoferulic acid (by GC-MS of the methyl ester), and of total triterpene glycosides (transformed to coloured complexes and measured photometrically) in roots of C. racemosa have been developed. The contents of formononetin, isoferulic acid and total triterpene glycosides (measured as actein) in the herb ranged from 0.0031 to 0.0035, from 1.22 to 1.35 and from 20.09 to 22.06 mg/g dry weight, respectively.
Subject(s)
Cimicifuga/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cinnamates/analysis , Cinnamates/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Isoflavones/analysis , Isoflavones/chemistry , Methanol , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Reference Standards , Rhizome/chemistry , Saponins/analysis , Saponins/chemistry , Triterpenes/analysis , Triterpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Hydration and [3H]ouabain uptake by different tissues of adult male rats were measured immediately after exposure to homogenous 0.2 T steady magnetic field. A time-dependent decrease of hydration and adaptation, followed by disadaptation, was detected in brain and liver tissues in most of the rats after 3.5-5 h of exposure. The number of functional active ouabain binding receptors, which correlates with cell volume, was also decreased in brain, liver, and spleen and increased in kidney tissue after half an hour of exposure. It is suggested that cell hydration is a second messenger through which the SMF exerts its influence.
Subject(s)
Body Water/chemistry , Magnetics , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Body Water/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Brain Chemistry , Dehydration/etiology , Dehydration/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Kidney/chemistry , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Male , Ouabain/metabolism , Radiopharmaceuticals , Rats , Second Messenger Systems , Spleen/chemistry , Spleen/metabolism , Time Factors , TritiumABSTRACT
Radioactive labeled ouabain was used for estimating the static magnetic field (SMF) induced cell volume changes. Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase, and can be used for estimating its quantity--thus giving information about the cell volume changes. Ouabain binding by cancer and normal glandular tissues of breast cancer patients and normal glandular tissues of healthy women was measured after exposure of tissues to SMF 0.2T. SMF exposure led to a decrease of ouabain binding in both normal and cancer tissues when ouabain concentration in the external medium was 10(-9) M, while in the case of higher concentrations of ouabain (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M) an increase of ouabain binding was seen. The normal glandular tissues of healthy women were sensitive to SMF only at the highest concentrations of ouabain used in our experiments. The SMF-induced decrease of binding at low ouabain concentrations was considered as an evidence for the dehydration effect of SMF. It is suggested that the SMF could influence the cancer cell metabolism through cell hydration changes.
