[African trypanosomiasis in the Republic of Guinea].

The information on the Gambian form of African human trypanosomiasis (AHT), collected in Guinea, is analyzed. The fauna of tsetse flies currently numbers at least 8 species. Two species are the vectors of AHT. These include G.(N.) palpalis and G.(N.) tachinoides, the latter of which is the vector of animal trypanosomiasis ("nagana" cattle disease) as well. In the period of 1991 to 1997, the country's incidence of AHT was 9.6:100,000. The highest morbidity was established in the natural region of Lower Guinea (23.4:100,000, with mortality rates of 1.1 to 18.5%). A clinical study of the population of a few villages in this region revealed 6 patients with AHT. Its clinical diagnosis was parasitologically verified. Preliminary studies suggest the circulation of the pathogen of AHT in Guinea, the most active foci of which are in Lower Guinea. The epidemiological features of AHT and its epidemic significance for Guinea are yet to be studied.

[The functional status of circulating lymphoid and phagocytic cells in patients with tropical malaria, living in the endemic areas of Guinea]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie tsirkuliruiushchikh limfoidnykh i fagotsitiruiushchikh kletok u bol'nykh tropicheskoi malariei--zhitelei éndemichnykh raionov Gvinei.

The paper presents the results of a study of immunological parameters in the indigenous adult population of an endemic area of Guinea in tropical malaria of varying severity and the time course of changes in these parameters in different phases of the disease during delagil treatment. Examination of 101 patients has established that tropical malaria in re-infected patients is not accompanied by severe immunosuppression though there is a clear tendency towards lymphocytic immunodeficiency in patients with higher parasitemia and a severe course of the disease. The greatest manifestations of immunosuppression coincide with the high oxygen metabolism of phagocytes, which confirms their important role in the pathogenesis of immune disorders and common syndrome in malaria.

[The activity of acid phosphatase and its isoenzymes in patients with food poisonings]. / Aktivnost' kisloi fosfatazy i ee izofermentov u bol'nykh s pishchevymi toksikoinfektsiiami.

Changes in the activity of acid phosphatase (AP) and its isoenzymes (tartrate-insensitive AP and formalin-insensitive AP) were investigated in patients with food poisoning in the course of the disease. The activity of AP and its isoenzymes in the serum started to grow in early convalescence and reached maximum in late convalescence. Total activity of AP in food toxic infections consists primarily of the activity of its platelet fraction. AP activity may serve as an additional criterion to predict vascular platelet involvement of hemostasis.

[The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains to preparations of the 4-aminoquinoline series in the Republic of Guinea]. / Rezistentnost' shtammov Plasmodium falciparum k preparatam 4-aminokhinolinovogo riada v Gvineiskoi Respublike.

In vivo measurements of P. falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine diphosphate, carried out in the Republic of Guinea, resulted in isolation of strains with degrees I and II resistance from 5 of the 25 examined patients, that may be due to a wide prophylactic administration of the drug to all patients with fevers without completing the course of therapy in all the patients infected. Such courses are obligatory to prevent the dissemination of chloroquine-resistant strains of the parasite and augmentation of the resistance. Further use of chloroquine and its analogs for the prevention and chemoprophylaxis of malaria in the Republic of Guinea appears still desirable, because the majority of P. falciparum strains are still sensitive to these agents. If no favorable changes are detectable in the clinical parameters of malaria patients in 4-5 days of chloroquine treatment or the condition recurs in 1.5-2 months, assessment of P. falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine is advisable, followed by a rational choice of the drug.

[The clinical laboratory indices in ancylostomiasis among the population of Kindia Prefecture (Republic of Guinea)]. / Kliniko-laboratornye pokazateli pri ankilostomidozakh u naseleniia prefektury Kindia (Gvineiskaia Respublika).

Clinical and laboratory data have been compared in patients with ankylostomiasis and healthy population of Guinea Republic. An increase in ankylostomiasis morbidity during the humid season has been observed. The clinical pattern of the disease did not differ from that earlier described in literature. Anemia and eosinophilia were the most persistent signs of the disease. The patients with ankylostomiasis revealed an elevated IgM level and a trend towards an increase in 0-lymphocyte population, which is indicative of certain shifts in cellular and humoral immunity.

[The clinico-immunological characteristics of intestinal schistosomiasis in the Republic of Guinea]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia kharakteristika kishechnogo shistosomoza v Gvineiskoi Respublike.

The results of clinic and immunological examination of patients with intestinal schistosomiasis at the stage of developed infection in the natives of Guinea are presented. Polymorphism of clinical manifestations was accompanied by diagnostically significant changes in hematological (eosinophilia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates) and immunological (higher absolute count of B lymphocytes, IgM levels, amount of T suppressors, lower Tx/Tc ratio) parameters, which, together with the results of parasitological studies, are to be taken into account during the choice of treatment and control over its efficacy.