Quantitative method for the determination of antibiotic-resistant gut bacterial strains for the early diagnosis of chronic arthritis.

Based on the clinical and microbiological monitoring of two groups of children aged 3 to 17 years with acute (n=78) and chronic (n=46) course of reactive arthritis (ReA), a method for early diagnosis of chronic arthritis was developed by determining the number of antibiotic-resistant coprostrains in patients with ReA, characterized by the absence of the need to isolate a pure culture of the pathogen and its identification; inoculation of faeces at a dilution of 10-5 on solid 1.5% GRM-agar with an antibacterial agents used in the treatment of a particular patient, at a minimum inhibitory concentration in the resistance range, followed by incubation and counting of the colonies of microorganisms grown on the plate. A significant relationship between the number of antibiotic-resistant gut bacterial strains and the course of arthritis (acute, chronic) was revealed, and the borderline value of the number of antibiotic-resistant gut bacterial strains was determined - 5×103 CFU/g, which allows differentiating the acute course from the chronic one: in the acute course< 5×103 CFU/g, with chronic - ≥ 5×103 CFU/g. The method allows, at the stage of completion of anti-inflammatory therapy in the active phase of the disease, to identify a risk group for the development of a chronic course of arthritis among patients with ReA, which can contribute to timely therapeutic measures aimed at preventing recurrence of the disease and making the patient disabled.

[Treatment of contusion of moderate severity in children in outpatient clinics]. / Lechenie detei s ushibom golovnogo mozga srednei stepeni tyazhesti v ambulatornykh usloviyakh.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of cortexin in treatment of traumatic brain injuries with contusion of moderate severity in children in an outpatient clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four patients, aged 6-13 years, with a traumatic brain injury and a moderate brain contusion were examined. A comprehensive clinical examination, including neurological and ophthalmological examinations, EEG, brain CT scan, testing using a set of experimental psychological techniques, was performed. Children of the main group received standard therapy and cortexin. Children of the control group received similar treatment without cortexin. Re-examination was carried out 30 days after the start of treatment. RESULTS: After the treatment, a positive dynamics was noted in both groups. There were a decrease in the severity of subjective symptoms (p<0,01) and focal neurological symptoms (p <0,001) as well as absence of acute waves to physical activity according to EEG results in the main group compared with the control group. Also, EEG showed that cortical electrogenesis corresponded to the age of the patient, hypertensive/hydrocephalic signs were stopped (p <0,05), positive changes in cognitive functions occurred. CONCLUSION: The study showed the positive dynamics in the recovery of cognitive functions, the normalization of EEG parameters and stopping of hypertension-hydrocephalic symptoms in children with traumatic brain injuries with contusion of moderate severity a month after the start of treatment with cortexin.

[GUT MICROSYMBIOCENOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH REACTIVE ARTHRITIS].

AIM: To study the state of gut microsymbiocenosis in children with reactive arthritis (RA), with the assessment of biofilm formation (BFF) of microsymbionts and the ability to change cytokine levels (their anticyokine activity) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation of gut microsymbiocenosis by means of bacteriological method was conducted in 34 children with RA and 25 relatively healthy 3 - 16 year- old children. Microorganisms were identified with the help of MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry, anticytokine activity (ACA) of microsymbionts - according to Bukharin O.V et al. (2011), biofilm formation - according to O'Toole G.A., Kolter R. (1998). RESULTS: On the ground of species composition differences of gut microbiota discrimination model was created which allowed to separate the group of children with RA from healthy individuals. Microsymbiocenosis of patients with RA was characterized by increasing number of opportunistic microorganisms (OM) (enterobacteria, clostridia, bacteroides, and Candida), BFF and ACA level. CONCLUSION: The obtained data greatly contribute.to the deciphering of spondylo- arthritis and disclose the role of microbial factor under given pathology. Hypercolonisation of human gut with OM, having pronounced ability to BFF and regulating cytokine level, promotes strengthening of arthritogenic potential and serves as additional marker of arthritis development risk in children.

[Isolation and characterization of holocellulose from Alfalfa]. / Osobennosti vydeleniia i kharakteristika kholotselliulozy liutserny.

Holocellulose isolated from the aerial parts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) contains a polysaccharide complex of cellulose and hemicelluloses, the major structural components of cell walls. Holocellulose is highly hydrophilic and has a dense biopolymer packing. The carboxylic groups of hemicelluloses and cellulose determines the ability of holocellulose to adsorb polyvalent metal cations.

[Use of dietary fiber in experimental hepatitis in rats]. / Ispol'zovanie pishchevykh volokon pri éksperimental'nom gepatite u krys.

Hepatitis is most widespread form of a lesion of a liver taking an essential place among the causes of invalidity of the population. In present work the created food fibres allocated from various vegetative raw material are described. Is shown the food fibres of bean crops and secondary resources of processing of a grapes improve a general condition of laboratory animals with a liver struck by hepatitis.

[Effects of dietary fiber on some indices of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract in rats]. / Vliianie pishchevykh volokon na nekotorye pokazateli deiatel'nosti zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta krys.

Now nobody doubts of necessity and importance of inclusion of vegetative food fibres (as the separately isolated biopolymers--lignin, cellulose, gemicellulose, pectine substances; in composition of a food fibres complex or introduction last in traditional products of nutrition) in a daily human diet. Is proved by experimental researches, that the investigated kinds of food fibres are non-toxic, do not influence on internal structure, are well perceived by animals and can be recommended as the additive in a human diet.

[The effects of L-arginine in chronic pain syndromes]. / Effekty L-arginina pri khronicheskikh bolevykh sindromakh.

The effect of L-arginine in long-term parenteral administration was studied on a model of neuropathic pain syndrome and adjuvant arthritis. L-arginine produced a preventive and therapeutic effect in the neuropathic pain syndrome. It weakened the development of adjuvant arthritis for the period of its administration. The factor underlying the effect of L-arginine is its double action as a precursor of nitrous oxide and kiotorphin, an endogenous antinociceptive dipeptide.

[The role of the NMDA-receptor blocker and stimulator ketamine and glycine in the development of a neuropathic pain syndrome]. / Rol' blokatora i stimuliatora retseptorov NMDA ketamina i glitsina v razvitii neiropaticheskogo bolevogo sindroma.

The effect of glycine, ketamine, and their combination in chronic oral administration was studied on a model of the neuropathic pain syndrome. Glycine failed to prevent the pain syndrome but had a therapeutic effect. Ketamine possessed a marked preventive and therapeutic effect. In combined administration the drugs mutually potentiated their action. The effect of glycine and ketamine is based on intensification of spinal glycinergic inhibition, differently directed effect on the NMDA receptors, and intensification of monoaminergic inhibition.

[The action of piracetam and its complex with sodium oxybutyrate in the neuropathic pain syndrome]. / Deistvie piratsetama i ego kompleksa s oksibutiratom natriia pri neiropaticheskom bolevom sindrome.

Effects of the pyracetam and its sodium hydroxybutyrate complex were studied on a model of the neuropathic pain syndrome. It was demonstrated that the pyracetam prevents the development of the neuropathic pain syndrome. The pyracetam relieves the pain syndrome. The sodium hydroxybutyrate appears to enhance preventive and medical effects of the pyracetam. Possible mechanisms of action of these drugs are discussed.

[Cholic acid sorption by food fibers]. / Sorbtsiia kholevykh kislot pishchevymi voloknami.

The ability of five kinds of dietary fibers isolated from different plants for binding of bilious acids (BA) in vitro was estimated. The bile was derived from patients with obstructive hepatitis. The examined kinds of dietary fibers have a capacity to absorb BA. This capacity is a little lower than a pharmaceutical preparation bilignin. The studied dietary fibers may be recommended for preventive diets.

[The action of sodium valproate in central pain syndromes]. / Deistvie val'proata natriia pri tsentral'nykh bolevykh sindromakh.

A model of acute spinal and phantom pain syndromes caused by the formation of an abnormally increased excitation generator (AIEG) in the system of dorsal horns of the spine was used to study the effects of sodium valproate when used chronically in the phantom pain syndrome, when given in a single dose in the acute pain syndrome and when applied to the spine with disinhibitors inducing the pain syndrome. It was shown that during chronic administration sodium valproate produced a stress-preventive action, but failed to affect pain sensation and to prevent the development of the pain syndrome. When used in the acute pain syndrome, sodium valproate had a marked analgesic effect, and when applied to the spine it substantially reduced the manifestations of the pain syndrome. The action of sodium valproate on the AIEG can be accounted for by the higher GABA level that results in the hyperpolarization of neurons which are a part of AIEG. When the latter is formed and operates in acute and chronic pain syndromes there are differences in the functional activity of the neurochemical structures responsible for the realization of pain reaction components. This is suggested by varying effects of sodium valproate on pain sensation during acute and chronic experiments.

[The effect of fenazepam and sidnocarb in the phantom pain syndrome]. / Effekty fenazepama i sidnokarba pri fantomno-bolevom sindrome.

The phantom-pain syndrome model was used to examine the effects of phenazepam, sydnocarb and their combination in chronic oral administration. Phenazepam was shown to have no effects on the development of the phantom-pain syndrome. Sydnocarb arrested the progression of the pain syndrome, reduced its symptoms, alleviated inflammatory manifestations and extremity edema. The agent increased animals' excitability. When their combination was used, the clinical signs of the pain syndrome developed in the same way as with sydnocarb alone. At the same time phenazepam decreased the animals' aggression and excitability caused by sydnocarb. It is suggested that enhancing the efficiency of inhibitory GABAergic processes may result in lower clinical signs of the phantom-pain syndrome in case of involvement of brain catecholaminergic systems whose activation increases the inhibitory functions of its related GABA. The sympathomimetic action of sydnocarb induces an elevation of norepinephrine concentrations in the nerve endings and postsynaptic receptors, resulting in trophic improvement and restoration of tissue viability.

[The analgesic effect of various fractions of the supernatant of a bone marrow cell culture in pathologic pain]. / Analgeziruiushchii éffekt razlichnykh fraktsii supernatanta kul'tur kletok kostnogo mozga pri patologicheskoi boli.

Different fractions of bone marrow cell culture supernatant effects on pathological pain have been studied. It is shown that all studied fractions have analgesic effect and inhibit strong pain syndrome induced by generator of pathologically enhanced excitation. In distinction from commercial drug myelopid bone marrow supernatant fractions with high and low molecular weight exert analgesic effect in low concentrations not having muscle-relaxant and narcotic influence. It suggests the possibility of creation of some new highly effective analgesic drugs to abolish pain syndromes.