[In vivo expression of copper transporting proteins in rat brain sections].

Expression of two copper-transporting P1-type ATPases (ATP7A and ATP7B), the CTR1 protein, a high-affinity copper transporter, and ceruloplasmin (CP), a copper-containing ferroxidase. The level of mRNA of these proteins was determined by RT-PCR analysis, the distribution of polypeptides encoded by these genes was determined by immunoblotting, and the type of cells expressing these genes was identified immunohistochemically. It was found that the major product of CP gene in the brain is cell membrane-bound CP. Secretory CP, whose molecule contains the greatest number of weakly associated copper atoms, is synthesized in the vascular plexus. CTR1 mRNA is evenly distributed in the brain; however, its content is twice higher in the vascular plexus. The Atp7a gene is active in all brain sections, whereas the Atp7b gene is active only in the hypothalamus. The membrane-bound CP is expressed in glial cells of all types and in ependyma cells. ATP7b and ATP7a are expressed predominantly in ependyomyocytes and neutrons, respectively. The organization of copper transport in mammalian brain is discussed.

[Biochemical mechanisms of compensation for unilateral motor disorders of central genesis and their connection with the immune system]. / Biokhimicheskie mekhanizmy kompensatsii odnostoronnikh dvigatel'nykh rasstrostv tsentral'nogo geneza i ikh sviaz' s immunnoi sistemoi.

Unilateral impairments of brain led to appearance of posture asymmetry factors (PAF) in central nervous system, which caused asymmetric function of spinal centers and were responsible for asymmetry of limb muscular tension. During compensation symmetrization of muscular tension was followed by inactivation of PAF using developed in central nervous system antifactors which formed complexes with PAF. These factors of inactivation proved to be thermolabile proteins partially involving IgG. Administration of immunomodulator "Gradex B" into postoperation animals stimulated distinctly restoration of arbitrary movements in impaired limbs. The data obtained suggest that immune system is of importance in control of endogenous substances activity, which are produced in central nervous system; a novel procedure was studied for correction of locomotory impairments of central genesis.

[The effect of the different CSF components in convalescent animals on the recovery from a motor deficit in recipients with a homotopic brain lesion]. / Vliianie razlichnykh komponentov likvora zhivotnykh-rekonvalistsentov na vosstanovlenie dvigatel'nogo defitsita u retsipientov s gomotopicheskim povrezhdeniem mozga.

The effect of the CSF components of the rats who had restored motor deficiency after left unilateral removal of motor neocortex, was studied in the rats with an analogous brain lesion. The first group of animals received a thermostable fraction of the donor CSF containing active factors of the posture asymmetry (FPA). The second group of animals were given a high-molecular fraction of the donor CSF with active factors inactivating the FPA. The first group revealed a significant acceleration of compensatory processes. Only a temporary positive effect was observed in the second group. The findings can be used in neurological clinics when treating motor disorders of central genesis.

[Postural asymmetry in rats after unavoidable pain stimulation of different durations]. / Poznaia asimmetriia u krys posle nizbegaemogo bolevogo razdrazheniia razlichnoi dlitel'nosti.

Reaction of pose asymmetry was studied in rats subjected to unavoidable pain stimulation of 5 and 20 min duration after chordotomy. Single 20-min stimulation led to the appearance in all animals of right-side pose asymmetry, if the chordotomy took place immediately after the impact. If the chordotomy took place 24 h after the stimulation, the animals were revealed both with the right- and left-side pose asymmetry, analogous to the rats after 5-min stimulation. Cerebrospinal fluid of the animals subjected to the influence of various duration elicited in recipients pose asymmetry at the same side as in the donor. The role is shown of individual characteristics in the appearance of the definite side of the pose asymmetry.

[The nature of factors inactivating postural asymmetry factor at the initial stages of compensatory reconstruction in animals with unilateral lesions of the motor neocortex]. / Priroda faktorov, inaktiviruiushchikh faktory poznoi asimmetrii, na nachal'nykh étapakh kompensatornykh perestroek u zhivotnykh s odnostoronnim razrusheniem motornogo neokorteksa.

The disappearance of posture asymmetry factor activity in the CSF after three weeks of unilateral removals of the neocortex motor region is caused by inactivation factors (IF), which are thermolabile proteins with m.v. about 80 kD and 150 kD. One of IF (150 kD) interacted with protein A which shows its immunoglobulin++ nature.

[Role of endogenous neurohumoral factors in mechanisms of the pathogenesis and compensation of unilateral movement disorders after serial removal of the motor neocortex]. / Rol' éndogennykh neirogumoral'nykh faktorov v mekhanizmakh patogeneza i kompensatsii odnostoronnikh dvigatel'nykh rasstroistv posle seriinykh udalenii motornogo neokorteksa.

The role of neurohumoral factors in the mechanisms of restoring the lost motor functions after two successive unilateral removals of the neocortex motor region, was studied. The dynamics of the restoring correlated with the posture asymmetry factor (PAF) activity in the CSF. PAF activity was reduced during the restoring by an inactivation factor (FI). Periods of restoration after the 2nd extirpation and inactivation of PAF were shorter than after the 1st one. The existence of the FI before the 2nd extirpation may account for this phenomenon.

[Effect of brain extracts of the donor rat on recovery of hindlimb function disorders in the recipient rat]. / Vozdeistvie ékstraktov mozga krys-donorov na vosstanovlenie narushennoi funktsii zadnikh konechnostei krys-retsipientov.

The motor function recovery was studied for 3 weeks after surgical unilateral damage of the motor cortex in albino rats. Distance between the 1st and the 5th fingers was compared in intact sham--operated, operated rats, and operated animals which were suboccipitally injected with brain extract obtained from reconvalescent donor rats with the same type of damage. The injections resulted in specific changes of the parameter measured up to the level of recovery reached by the donor animal.

[Inactivation of the postural asymmetry factor at the stage of compensation for the postural disorder induced by unilateral removal of the motor area]. / Inaktivatsiia faktora poznoi asimmetrii na stadii kompensatsii narusheniia pozy, vyzvannogo odnostoronnim udaleniem motornoi oblasti.

The peptide nature of the posture asymmetry factor (PAF) produced in the brain after unilateral removal of the motor region of the neocortex was established. The inactivation of PAF activity in the brain toward the end of the third week after the removal is due to PAF inactivation by the endogenous factor absent from the intact brain. The molecular weight of the inactivation factor exceeds 5.0 kD that makes it possible to separate it from the PAF by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. The correlation was marked between the increasing activity of the PAF inactivation factor and the recovery of the initial symmetric functioning of the spinal centers during three weeks after unilateral damage to the CNS.

[Study of the constituent proteins of brain structures by the technic of electrophoresis in a continuous polyacrylamide gel gradient in capillaries]. / Issledovanie konstitutivnykh belkov mozgovykh struktur metodom élektroforeza v nepreryvnom gradiente poliakrilamidnogo gelia v kapilliarakh.

The author compared the protein composition of the brain structures (premotor zone of the cortex, CA3 are of the hyppocampus, the caudate nucleus, the frontal lobe of the cerebellum) in rats by electrophoresis in the continuous gradient of polyacrylamide gel pores in capillaries. The method used proved to possess a much greater resolving capacity in comparison with electrophoresis in the homogeneous gel concentration; no differences could be revealed in the protein composition of the brain structures under study.

[Micro- and macroscale electrophoretic study of the constituent proteins of cerebral structures]. / Elektroforeticheskoe issledovanie konstitutivnykh belkov mozgovykh struktur v mikro- i makroshkale.

A comparative study of the protein composition of the brain structures of rats (premotor area of the cortex, the CA3 region of the hyppocampus, the caudate nucleus, the frontal area of the cerebellum) was carried out by the method of disc electrophoresis in the micro- and macroscale. Protein zones were identified by their relative electrophoretic mobility calculated according to the mobility of the "marker" protein (trypsin inhibitor from soya beans). Both methods revealed no significant differences in the composition of the electrophoretic separation of the brain proteins pointed to the greater resolving capacity of the micromethod.

[Inhibition of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase in mammalian ova]. / Ob ingibirovanii ékzogennoi laktatdegidrogenazy v iaitsekletkakh mlekopitaiushchikh

A technique of microinjection of exogenic commercial lactate dehydrogenase into the zygotes of rats has been elaborated. A selective inhibition of exogenous LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 was registered in the ova-recipients. Attempts to reproduce the selective inhibition of LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 by a microhomogenate made of zygotes were not successful. The identification of LDH from ovocytes and exogenic LDH was made according to their electrophoretic mobility relative to Bromphenol blue and LDH-1.