Blockade of nitric oxide formation in the rat brain does not disturb development of endotoxin tolerance.

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in tolerance development to endotoxin has been proposed because peripherally administered NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (NO synthases inhibitor) delays the endotoxin tolerance formation. Since L-NAME is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, the question arises of where activity of NO synthases (inside or outside the blood-brain barrier) is crucial for development of endotoxin tolerance. To clarify the role of different NO synthases (NOS) isoforms, acting in the brain, on the tolerance development, effects of highly selective iNOS and nNOS inhibitors on stepwise attenuation of febrile response during tolerance formation were examined in freely moving biotelemetered rats. We monitored changes in febrile response during the development of tolerance to repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (50 µg/kg) along with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of vinyl-L-NIO, a neuronal NOS inhibitor, or aminoguanidine, an inducible NOS inhibitor at a dose of 10 µg/rat. Both inhibitors injected at the selected doses had no effect on normal day-time as well as night-time body temperature. Rats were treated with LPS and NOS inhibitors for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, all rats were injected with LPS alone. Rats repeatedly injected with LPS became tolerant to pyrogenic effect of LPS as early as on the second day of the experiment. The treatment with iNOS or nNOS inhibitors completely suppressed fever due to the first, second and third LPS injection. When rats, which received the three i.c.v. injections of vL-NIO along with i.p. injections of LPS, were then treated the fourth time with LPS alone, they responded with virtually identical changes in body temperature to that of the group of rats that were injected with water i.c.v. and LPS i.p. for three consecutive days. This data indicate that both group of rats became tolerant to pyrogenic effect of LPS. It is, therefore, reasonable to hypothesize that activation of nNOS and iNOS inside the brain is not important for the development of endotoxin tolerance.

Application of ozonotherapy in chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Introduction. Chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder (CIB) is a disease entity which mostly concerns young women and which is connected with their short urether and vicinity of vagina sexual activity. Frequent recidication, in spite of use of new generation of antibiotics - often of considerable cost - have a significant influence upon life of the patients. Side-effects connected with frequent use of antibiotics are also an important factor to consider.
Aim. The life discomfort of the patients, frequently low effectiveness and side-effects of antibiotherapy, numerous cases of recidivation were the reasons of application of medical ozone in chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder.
Material and method. During 18 months oxygen-ozone mixture was applied directly to the blader in case of 72 patients, to 65 women, that is 90% of patients, and to 7 men, that is 10% of patients. The age group was 19 to 67, with the average age of 36. In case of men, the age group was from 38 to 51, with the average age of 44. The number of procedures, depending both on bacteriological results and subjective symptoms, veried from 10 to 18. Ecery patient, prior to the ozonotherapy underwent general urine analysis and bacteriological tests; also subjective symptoms as pollysis and bacteriological tests; also subjective symptoms as pollakiuria, pain and burning during miction, and pressing tenesmus were estimated, according to QL life comfort scale.
Those tests were repeated three and six months after the ozonotherapy procedures.
Results. In the women group (in all cases) statistically significant improvement of life comfort was noted. Results of bacteriological tests after one month and three months were germ-free, after six months bacteriological results of 4 patients, that is 6% showed initial results with relapse of subjective symptoms. Which are statistically significant improvement in the case of remaining 47 patients, that is 72% germ-free culture were gained and lack of subjective symptoms. In the 6 patients (that is 86%) men group, after six months, in all cases germ-free-culture and lack of subjective symptoms were gained.
Conclusion. Application of ozonotherapy in treatment of chronic inflammation of the vladder is a of significant statistical effectiveness method, and what is more cheap and with low risk in performance.

[Retrospective evaluation of surgical results in children with a megaureter defect]. / Retrospektywna ocena wyników operacji u dzieci z wada moczowodu olbrzymiego.

We evaluated the efficacy of surgical treatment in 171 children with primary megaureters. Operations were performed between 1980-1997. The average time of follow-up was 7.8 years. The treatment was effective in 149 (87.1%) children. The results were good in 92.8% of cases with obturative type of megaureters and in 81.6% with refluxive type of M.O. The worst results were obtained in children aged under 2 years of live (21.9%). The primary amputation was performed in 48 (28%) children and the secondary in 14 (8.2%) children. In this number 11 was nephrectomies were carried out.