ABSTRACT
A novel species of fastidious, lipophilic, club-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria was recovered from the preen glands of healthy Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from two different locations. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed highest similarity to Corynebacterium spheniscorum DSM 44757(T) (96.8%) with a 3.2kb stretch of rpoB sharing 82.4% sequence similarity to the same species. DNA fingerprinting by ERIC-PCR and polar lipid profiles clearly differentiated the Turkey isolates from the most closely related Corynebacteria, as did MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Chemotaxonomic tests revealed the presence of corynemycolic acids with C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c and tuberculostearic acid as the major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the type strain was 60.7 mol%. The species was susceptible to ampicillin, kanamycin A, streptomycin, amikacin, polymyxin B and vancomycin. From our results, it becomes evident that the isolated organisms represent a new species, for which the name Corynebacterium uropygiale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Iso10(T) (=DSM 46817(T)=LMG 28616(T)).
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium Infections/veterinary , Corynebacterium/classification , Turkeys/microbiology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Corynebacterium/drug effects , Corynebacterium/genetics , Corynebacterium/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Phylogeny , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Opening of the nucleosome structure is essential for accessing genomic DNA. To study the mechanism of this process, we monitor the distance between various fluorescently labeled positions on mononucleosomes by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Here, we compare nucleosomes reconstituted from recombinant mouse, Xenopus, and yeast histones. As DNA sequences we compared, the effect of 5S rDNA, MMTV-B sequence, and Widom 601 DNA. The stability, as measured by the salt concentration at the opening transition midpoint, is lowest for yeast, followed by Xenopus and mouse. The 601 DNA sequence builds much more stable nucleosomes and the distribution of FRET efficiencies is narrower than for those reconstituted on 5S rDNA or MMTV-B sequences. The opening pathway through an intermediate state, as found for Xenopus histones, could be verified for the mouse and yeast systems and for the different DNA sequences, suggesting a general mechanism for accessing nucleosomal DNA.
