Metabolomics approach to understand molecular mechanisms involved in fungal pathogen-citrus pathosystems.

Citrus is a crucial crop with a significant economic impact globally. However, postharvest decay caused by fungal pathogens poses a considerable threat, leading to substantial financial losses. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Phyllosticta citricarpa are the main fungal pathogens, causing green mold, blue mold, sour rot and citrus black spot diseases, respectively. The use of chemical fungicides as a control strategy in citrus raises concerns about food and environmental safety. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions is essential to find safer alternatives. This review highlights the potential of the metabolomics approach in the search for bioactive compounds involved in the pathogen-citrus interaction, and how the integration of metabolomics and genomics contributes to the understanding of secondary metabolites associated with fungal virulence and the fungal infection mechanisms. Our goal is to provide a pipeline combining metabolomics and genomics that can effectively guide researchers to perform studies aiming to contribute to the understanding of the fundamental chemical and biochemical aspects of pathogen-host interactions, in order to effectively develop new alternatives for fungal diseases in citrus cultivation. We intend to inspire the scientific community to question unexplored biological systems, and to employ diverse analytical approaches and metabolomics techniques to address outstanding questions about the non-studied pathosystems from a chemical biology perspective.

Chemical-Biology and Metabolomics Studies in Phage-Host Interactions.

For many years, several studies have explored the molecular mechanisms involved in the infection of bacteria by their specific phages to understand the main infection strategies and the host defense strategies. The modulation of the mechanisms involved in the infection, as well as the expression of key substances in the development of the different life cycles of phages, function as a natural source of strategies capable of promoting the control of different pathogens that are harmful to human and animal health. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in virus-bacteria interaction to explore the main compounds produced or altered as a chemical survival strategy and the metabolism modulation when occurring a host-phage interaction. In this context, emphasis will be given to the chemistry of peptides/proteins and enzymes encoded by bacteriophages in the control of pathogenic bacteria and the use of secondary metabolites recently reported as active participants in the mechanisms of phage-bacteria interaction. Finally, metabolomics strategies developed to gain new insights into the metabolism involved in the phage-host interaction and the metabolomics workflow in host-phage interaction will be presented.

Lesão de tecidos moles causada por arma branca: revisão de literatura / Soft tiss ue injury caused by steel: literature review

Os ferimentos faciais variam amplamente na sua apresentação e complexidade, merecendo uma abordagem adequada, haja vista que os insucessos podem resultar em alterações estético-funcionais. Aspectos como tempo de exposição do ferimento, anestesia, fios de suturas e profilaxia antitetânica constituem pontos controversos. Este trabalho abrange uma revisão sobre as lesões de tecidos moles causadas por arma branca. São também enfatizadas informações sobre a classificação, diagnósticos e tratamento, com dados extraídos de literatura recente e relatos de casos

The facial injuries vary widely in presentation and complex, deserving an appropriate approach, given that failures may result in aesthetic and functional changes. Aspects such as exposure time of the injury, anesthesia, sutures and tetanus prophylaxis are controversial. The work included a review of the soft tissue injuries caused by steel, and emphasized information about the classification, diagnosis and treatment, with data extracted from recent literature and case report

Cellular cutaneous neurothekeoma associated with a café au lait spot

É relatado um caso de neurotecoma cutâneo celular associado com uma mancha "café com leite" na regiäo dorsal