A Literature Analysis of the Inventory of Legal Knowledge.

The Inventory of Legal Knowledge (ILK) is a feigning measure of growing usage, familiarity, and controversy in research and practice. A comprehensive review of a smaller literature base yields recurring themes in the ILK literature. There were mentions of feigned lack of legal knowledge tending to associate with feigned psychopathology, concerns about false positives at or around the ILK cutoff score, and potential complications when the ILK is administered to individuals with very low intellectual functioning. Possible underestimation of both false positives and false negatives suggests there may be a need for a revised edition of the measure, further item discrimination, and a meta-analysis of extant research studies with similar designs. An ILK-2 with required user training, as well as a lower cutoff score, an indeterminate range, and weighting of scores in association with criminal history may increase the measure's validity, robustness, and utility in larger assessments of malingering.

Competency Restoration for Adult Defendants in Different Treatment Environments.

The optimization of trial competency restoration is a topic of growing interest and controversy in the fields of forensics, psychology, criminal law, and public policy. Research has established that adult defendants who have severe psychotic disorders and cognitive impairments are more likely than defendants without these conditions to be found incompetent to stand trial and are less likely to be restored to competency thereafter. Research has also identified some of the benefits of attempting restoration in hospitals, jails, or outpatient settings for defendants with different diagnoses or levels of cognitive functioning. Rates of restoration, length of stay necessary to achieve restoration, and, in some cases, how quickly defendants are found non-restorable are primary indicators of positive outcome. We sought to review the extant literature on competency restoration, with the goals of identifying implications for current practice and generating inquiries for future research. We found that there are significant advantages and disadvantages of attempting restoration in a hospital, jail, or outpatient setting on rates of restoration, length of stay necessary to achieve restoration, or length of time necessary to determine non-restorability, while controlling for several relevant factors (e.g., diagnosis, cognitive limitations).