ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of orally administered pefloxacin were studied to evaluate the bio-enhancing effect of the herbal bio-enhancer, trikatu, in mountain Gaddi goats (n = 6). The findings of the study revealed a decreased plasma concentration (p > 0.05) of pefloxacin following trikatu administration during the absorption phase (10, 15, 20 min post pefloxacin administration). In contrast, the plasma concentrations of pefloxacin were significantly higher at 4, 6, 8 and 12 h (during the elimination phase) of the pefloxacin administration. The findings of the investigation revealed higher values for the area under the curve, the area under the first moment of the plasma drug concentration time curve, the mean residential time, the total duration of pharmacological action and bioavailability. Trikatu treatment, however, significantly reduced the elimination half life (t 1/2 beta) and zero time intercept of the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution based on the total area under the plasma drug concentration curve [(Vd(area)] and the apparent volume of distribution based on the zero time plasma concentration intercept of the elimination phase [Vd(B)] were significantly higher in trikatu treated animals indicating a better penetration of the drug. Based on the MIC of 0.8 microg/ml of pefloxacin, a priming dose of 6.0 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2.21 mg/kg is required to be administered at 8 h intervals. For practical purposes in goats this would mean a priming dose of 6 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg given by the oral route, to be repeated at 8 h intervals.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Goats/metabolism , Pefloxacin/administration & dosage , Pefloxacin/pharmacokinetics , Phytotherapy/veterinary , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Biological Availability , Cross-Over Studies , Zingiber officinale , Herb-Drug Interactions , Pefloxacin/blood , Piper , Piper nigrumABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of ceftriaxone were investigated in buffalo calves (n = 6) following a single intravenous administration of ceftriaxone (10 mg/kg). The elimination rate constant was 0.18 +/- 0.01 h(-1) and the elimination half-life was 3.79 +/- 0.09 h. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)) was 1.40 +/- 0.01 L/kg and the total plasma clearance was 0.26 +/- 0.01 L/(kg h). Approximately 43% of total administered dose of ceftriaxone was excreted in urine within 8 h. To maintain a minimum therapeutic concentration of 1 microg/ml, a satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen of ceftriaxone in buffalo calves is 13 mg/kg repeated at 12 h intervals.
