ABSTRACT
Survival in the early life stages is a major factor determining the growth and stability of wildlife populations. For sea turtles, nest location must provide favorable conditions to support embryonic development. Hatching success and incubation environment of green turtle eggs were examined in July 2019 at Karan Island, a major nesting site for the species in the Arabian Gulf. Mean hatching success averaged at 38.8 % (range = 2.5-75.0 %, n = 14). Eggs that suffered early embryonic death (EED) and late embryonic death (LED) represented 19.8 % (range: 3.3-64.2 %) and 41.4 % (range: 4.8-92.6 %) of the clutch on average, respectively. Nest sand was either coarse (0.5-1 mm: mean 44.8 %, range = 30.4-56.9 % by dry weight, n = 14) or medium (0.25-0.5 mm: mean 33.6 %, range = 12.0-45.5 % by dry weight, n = 14). Mean sand moisture (4.0 %, range = 3.2-4.9 %, n = 14) was at the lower margin for successful development. Hatching success was significantly higher in clutches with sand salinity <1500 EC.uS/cm (n = 5) than those above 2500 EC.uS/cm (n = 5). Mean clutch temperatures at 1200 h increased by an average of 5.4 °C during the 50-d post-oviposition from 31.2 °C to 36.6 °C. Embryos experienced lethally high temperatures in addition to impacts of other environmental factors (salinity, moisture, sand grain size), which was related to reduced hatching success. Conservation initiatives must consider the synergistic influence of the above parameters in formulating strategies to improve the overall resilience of the green turtle population in the Arabian Gulf to anthropogenic and climate change-related stressors.
Subject(s)
Turtles , Female , Animals , Sand , Nesting Behavior , Temperature , Hot TemperatureABSTRACT
Glycoprotein 3 (GP3) is a highly glycosylated PRRSV envelope protein which has been reported as being present in the virions of PRRSV type I, while missing in the type II PRRSV (US) virions. We herein present evidence that GP3 is indeed incorporated in the virus particles of a North American strain of PRRSV (FL12), at a density that is consistent with the minor structural role assigned to GP3 in members of the Arterivirus genus. Two 15aa peptides corresponding to two different immunodominant linear epitopes of GP3 derived from the North American strain of PRRSV (FL12) were used as antigen to generate a rabbit monospecific antiserum to this protein. The specificity of this anti-GP3 antiserum was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assay using BHK-21 cells transfected with GP3 expressing plasmid, MARC-145 cells infected with FL12 PRRSV, as well as by confocal microscopy on PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. To test if GP3 is a structural component of the virion, (35)S-labelled PRRSV virions were pelleted through a 30% sucrose cushion, followed by a second round of purification on a sucrose gradient (20-60%). Virions were detected in specific gradient fractions by radioactive counts and further confirmed by viral infectivity assay in MARC 145 cells. The GP3 was detected in gradient fractions containing purified virions by RIP using anti-GP3 antiserum. Predictably, the GP3 was less abundant in purified virions than other major structural envelope proteins such as GP5 and M. Further evidence of the presence of GP3 at the level of PRRSV FL12 envelope was obtained by immunogold staining of purified virions from the supernatant of infected cells with anti-GP3 antiserum. Taken together, these results indicate that GP3 is a minor structural component of the PRRSV type II (FL12 strain) virion, as had been previously described for PRRSV type I.
Subject(s)
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/metabolism , Viral Structural Proteins/genetics , Viral Structural Proteins/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Antibody Specificity , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Cell Line , Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics , Microscopy, Immunoelectron , Molecular Sequence Data , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/classification , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology , Rabbits , Sus scrofa , United States , Viral Structural Proteins/immunologyABSTRACT
"Acceptance of induced abortion as a device of family planning among the Pati Rabha of Boko area [India] was studied. Out of 345 couples, practising various family planning devices, 86 (24.93%) accepted induced abortion. Of the total 629 conceptions of these 86 women, 137 (21.78%) conceptions were terminated by induced abortion.... The highest percentage (18.24%) of the induced abortion was done at the 6th order of pregnancy, 62.79% of the women accepted the induced abortion only once in their reproductive period. Most (91.86%) of the acceptors were illiterate and all of them were house wives." Consideration is given to the use of traditional methods of inducing abortions.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Induced , Birth Order , Family Characteristics , Family Planning Services , Medicine, Traditional , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Reproductive History , Asia , Birth Rate , Delivery of Health Care , Demography , Developing Countries , Economics , Educational Status , Family Relations , Fertility , Health , Health Planning , Health Services , India , Medicine , Population , Population Dynamics , Social Class , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Three population groups of Assam, viz., the Hindus, Muslims and Mongoloids have been investigated for certain bio-social variables, e.g., size and composition of family, sex distribution, menarcheal age, age at marriage, marriage distance, conception, pregnancy wastage and fertility. The results are discussed on comparative basis, and attempts are made to offer possible reasons for differences.
Subject(s)
Anthropology, Cultural , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Ethnicity , Rural Population , Adolescent , Adult , Birth Rate , Child , Family Characteristics , Female , Humans , India , Infant, Newborn , Male , Marriage , Maternal Age , Menarche , Middle Aged , Population Dynamics , Pregnancy , Sex RatioSubject(s)
Developing Countries , Fisheries , Fishes/microbiology , Food Microbiology , Sewage/adverse effects , Water Microbiology , Animals , Colony Count, Microbial , IndiaABSTRACT
In 1978-79 13 Assamese populations--two Muslim groups, five Mongoloid groups and 6 Hindu caste groups--have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric, anthroposcopic and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. Except for finger ridge patterns all traits under investigation showed a marked intergroup variability. For anthropometric, anthroposcopic and dermatoglyphic traits a clear differentiation in Mongoloid populations on one hand and Hindu caste groups on the other could be observed and be substantiated by results of corresponding distance analyses. With regard to Muslims it has to be distinguished between Marias who seem to be more closely related to Mongoloid populations and Sheikhs whose phenotypic appearance is more like that of the Hindu caste groups. The results are discussed.
Subject(s)
Ethnicity , Genetics, Population , ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Anthropometry , Asian People , Dermatoglyphics , Gene Frequency , Humans , India , Taste Threshold/physiology , White PeopleABSTRACT
Four Assamese caste groups--Jogis, Hiras, Kumars and Kaibartas--have been analysed for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The differences among these four caste groups are statistically mostly significant, which can be connected with the history of these groups and their genetic isolation from each other.
Subject(s)
Anthropology, Physical , Ethnicity , Social Class , ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Body Height , Body Weight , Cephalometry , Dermatoglyphics , Functional Laterality , Gene Frequency , Humans , India , Taste Threshold/physiologyABSTRACT
Five regional groups of the Kalitas, an Assamese caste group, have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability is to some extent considerable. The possible reasons for that are discussed.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Ethnicity , Genetics, Population , ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Adult , Anthropology, Physical , Body Height , Cephalometry , Dermatoglyphics , Female , Functional Laterality , Gene Frequency , Humans , India , Male , Taste ThresholdABSTRACT
Three Brahmin groups from Lower, Middle and Upper Assam (Kamrup, Darrang, Sibsagar) have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability is discussed.
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Anthropometry , Dermatoglyphics , Ethnicity , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetics, Population , Humans , India , Male , Phenotype , Sensory Thresholds , TasteABSTRACT
Six Muslim groups from various parts of Assam (Goalpara, Kamrup, Darrang, Nowgong, Sibsagar and Dibrugarh) have been analysed for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of AB0 blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability in the distribution of all these anthropological characters is considerable. The possible reasons therefore are discussed.
Subject(s)
Anthropology, Physical , Islam , ABO Blood-Group System/genetics , Adult , Anthropometry , Dermatoglyphics , Female , Gestures , Humans , India , Male , Phenotype , Sensory Thresholds , TasteABSTRACT
Five Mongoloid population groups from Upper Assam (Ahom, Chutia, Deuri, Mishing and Moran) have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The results are discussed with special reference to extent and causes of intergroup variability.
