ABSTRACT
The clear-cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare histological variant and an incompletely understood entity. Clear cell appearance in squamous cell carcinoma may be attributed to hydropic degeneration of neoplastic cells. We report a case of a 32-year-old male patient who presented with an ulceroproliferative growth in the left maxillary posterior region on the hard palate and gingiva, obliterating the buccal vestibule. Histopathologic examination revealed thick anastomosing strands of round to ovoid neoplastic cells with predominantly clear cytoplasm and marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism infiltrating into the fibro-cellular connective tissue stroma. Special staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to rule out the differentials of clear-cell variants of different sites such as salivary gland, odontogenic origin, and metastatic tumors. The clear cells were negative for periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and mucicarmine. The malignant clear cells showed positive reactions with IHC markers pan-cytokeratin and P63 and yielded negative results for S100 and CD10, confirming the diagnosis as a clear-cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We emphasize the importance of prompt and comprehensive diagnostic work-up to identify this rare, aggressive, and possibly fatal neoplasm.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study aimed to develop and characterize Indikizumab, a novel humanized anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody (mAb), for potential therapeutic use in inflammatory indications such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: The research involved the purification of IL-17 isoforms, epitope mapping, affinity ranking, and comparative binding assessment of anti-IL-17 antibodies. The study also included cell-based neutralization assays and in vivo studies using mouse models to evaluate the efficacy of Indikizumab. Results: Indikizumab demonstrated a high binding affinity (KD=27.2 pM) and specificity for IL-17A, with comparable potency to Secukinumab. In cell-based neutralization assays, Indikizumab effectively neutralized the effects of IL-17A and demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in plasma KC (Keratinocyte) levels in a mouse model. In imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, Indikizumab showed potential in reducing the psoriasis index. Conclusion: Indikizumab represents a promising therapeutic option for inflammatory indications with its high binding affinity, specificity for IL-17A, and effectiveness in neutralizing IL-17A effects in vivo.
ABSTRACT
Oral malignant melanoma is a rare tumor of the oral cavity. It is more common among Negros and Japanese people. Initial symptoms are frequently overlooked, resulting in a delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate. Unlike melanomas in other sites, it is uncommon and thus lacks a well-defined classification system and treatment regimen. The survival rate is mainly correlated with early diagnosis and treatment. A 54-year-old male reported to our department with a de novo fast-growing exophytic proliferative pigmented lesion for six months. After proper radiographic analysis, an incisional biopsy was done which revealed the presence of nests and fascicles of pleomorphic spindle cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant brown pigments rendering it a provisional diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma which was later confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PET-CT scan revealed widespread metastasis. This article stresses the importance of identification of initial symptoms which are frequently overlooked, resulting in a delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Granulomatous inflammation represents a unique pattern of chronic inflammation observed in a restricted form of infectious and certain non-infectious diseases. The formation of granulomas typically involves immune responses. Granulomatous disorders encompass a broad spectrum of conditions that share the common histological feature of granuloma formation. Their involvement in the oral soft and hard tissues is quite infrequent; however, their manifestation can pose a diagnostic challenge due to the diverse range of potential causes and the relatively non-specific appearance of the individual lesions. The ultimate outcome of a complex entails the formation of a granuloma, resulting from the interplay among an invading pathogen or antigen, chemical substance, medication, or other irritant, persistent presence of antigens in the bloodstream, activation of macrophages, initiation of Th1 cell response, B-cell overactivity, presence of circulating immune complexes, and a wide range of biological signaling molecules, ultimately leading to the development of fibrosis attributed to the actions of transforming and platelet-derived growth factor. This article emphasizes the clinicopathological diagnostic criteria of oral granulomatous disorders as a guide for treatment and management.
ABSTRACT
Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is an exceedingly rare histological variant of conventional primary osteosarcoma. It constitutes about 1%-3% of all osteosarcomas, and is extremely uncommon in the maxillofacial region. The unusual histopathological appearance and the rarity of the lesion poses a great diagnostic challenge. This article aims to present a rare case of GCRO involving the mandible in a 52-year-old male patient.
ABSTRACT
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, benign, odontogenic tumor arising from the odontogenic epithelium and accounts for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Clear cell variant of CEOT is a distinct entity and has more aggressive biological behavior and higher chances of recurrence. Here, we present a unique case of clear cell variant of CEOT involving the left side of the maxillary alveolus in a 73-year-old female patient with thorough clinical, radiological, and histological details.