ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The greatest disadvantage in the presently available potent synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs lies in their toxicity and reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation. Hence, people are returning to the natural products with the hope of safety and security. Several species of Mikania have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. AIM: The present study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves and stem of Mikania scandens in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro bioassay consisted of assaying the effect of the extracts against denaturation of protein (egg albumin) and measuring the absorbance. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was checked by measuring the percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema after oral administration of the extracts to male Wistar rats. RESULTS: The plant extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids in both the leaf and stem extracts. The in vitro study of leaf extracts of M. scandens demonstrated that at 16000 µg/ml concentration a better anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited which is more than the stem extracts. Similarly in the in vivo study, carrageenan induced inflammation was significantly antagonized by M. scandens leaf extract, with inhibition of 50% at 1000 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: The ethanolic extract of both leaf and stem of M. scandens showed potent anti-inflammatory activity. In comparison the leaf extract found to be more potent in both the conditions in vivo and in vitro, comparing with the standard drug diclofenac sodium and traditional control rumalaya perhaps due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids and flavonoids in the plant.
ABSTRACT
A thirty two years man, heterosexually promiscuous presented with amoebic liver abscess, proven by ultrasonography, aspiration and culture of organism. He was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and had low CD4+ lymphocyte count. He responded to anti-amoebic treatment.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Liver Abscess, Amebic/diagnosis , Liver Abscess, Amebic/etiology , Adult , Humans , Liver Abscess, Amebic/therapy , MaleABSTRACT
In this paper we report on our theoretical studies of various aspects of the correlated stopping power of two pointlike ions (a dicluster) moving in close but variable vicinity of each other in some metallic target materials, the latter being modeled by a degenerate electron gas with appropriate densities. Within the linear-response theory we have made a comprehensive investigation of correlated stopping power, vicinage function and related quantities for a diproton cluster in two metallic targets, aluminum and copper, and present detailed and comparative results for three approximations to the electron gas dielectric function, namely, the plasmon-pole approximation without and with dispersion as well as with the random-phase approximation. The results are also compared, wherever applicable, with those for an individual projectile.
