Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells -conditioned medium effects on Glioma U87 cell line migration, apoptosis, and gene expression.

The conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has controversial roles in cancer, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth. Our research on the results of adipose tissue-derived MSC (AD-MSC)-conditioned media on U87 glioma cells was motivated by the disputed role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cancer, which may either promote or inhibit tumor growth. Using flow cytometry, AD-MSCs were identified, verified, and their conditioned media was used to treat U87 cells. Through RT-qPCR, scratch assay, and apoptosis analysis, we evaluated gene expression (SOX4, H19, and CCAT1), cell migration, and apoptosis in U87 cells.The conditioned media greatly increased the expression of SOX4 and H19, but not CCAT1. Although there were few differences in migration and apoptosis, both were slightly increased in the treated group.These outcomes have drawn attention to the complexity of the interactions between MSCs and glioma cells. This complexity requires further research to identify the specific mechanisms governing MSC-mediated impacts on the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Estimating the Survival Rate in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients who Received a Peptide Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis, with current treatments providing no advantage in terms of survival. Certain new immunotherapy methods, such as peptide vaccines, have been used in clinical trials. In this meta-analysis, the effectiveness of peptide vaccinations on the survival rate of GBM patients was studied. METHODS: A comprehensive search was carried out using three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI. The purpose of this research was to assess Overall Survival (OS). The pooled overall one-year and two-year survival rates in GBM with peptide vaccination were calculated using the general inverse variance technique as random effects hazard ratios (HRs). In the study, subgroups of countries were compared with each other. Japan had the highest one-year survival rate, and the US had the highest two-year survival rate. RESULTS: With 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), the one-year OS rate in GBM patients treated with peptide vaccination increased significantly, but the two-year survival rate did not increase. As a result, while additional research is needed, it cannot be concluded that it is an effective therapy for GBM. CONCLUSION: Our study found that while peptide vaccination treatment did not increase second-year survival, it improved first-year survival. More research needs to be done to find effective vaccinebased treatments for GBM that can help patients survive longer.

Resveratrol: Targeting cancer stem cells and ncRNAs to overcome cancer drug resistance.

A major challenge in treating cancer is the development of drug resistance, which can result in treatment failure and tumor recurrence. Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a polyphenolic substance called resveratrol has the ability to combat this problem by lowering cancer resistance to drugs and opening up new therapeutic options. Resveratrol alters the expression of genes related to self-renewal, modulating important signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation and CSC control. Additionally, resveratrol affects non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs which are essential for stemness, drug resistance, and other cancer-related activities. Numerous studies have shown that resveratrol has the potential to be an effective anticancer drug when used in combination therapy, but issues with absorption and pharmacokinetics still need to be resolved before it can be used in clinical applications. Reducing chemotherapy resistance by better understanding the intricate mechanisms by which resveratrol affects cancer cells and CSCs, as well as its impact on ncRNA expression, could eventually contribute to more effective cancer treatments. To completely understand these pathways and optimize the utilization of resveratrol in combination treatments, additional study is necessary.

Anti-angiogenic Drug Resistance: Roles and Targeting of Non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs).

Cancers with a high capability for angiogenesis are frequently regarded as being difficult to treat. Anti-angiogenesis drugs are considered the primary therapy for these types of cancers. Due to intrinsic or acquired anti-angiogenesis resistance, therapies result in moderate clinical consequences, despite some hopeful findings. The importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in drug resistance mechanisms in cancer treatment has been discovered in the previous decade. Anti-angiogenic drug resistance can be influenced by ncRNA dysregulation. Hence, ncRNAs are potential drug resistance targets for new anti-angiogenic drugs in the inhibition of angiogenesis in tumors. Furthermore, some ncRNAs can be employed as biomarkers for anti-angiogenic drug responses and can be used to monitor cancer non-invasively. Combination treatment approaches, combined with routine anti-angiogenesis and some drugs that target the ncRNAs causing resistance, can be potential ways to overcome anti-angiogenesis resistance. For the first time, we explain the mechanisms of anti-angiogenic drug resistance and the related miRNAs and lncRNAs and their signaling pathways in commonly used antiangiogenic drugs implicated in this review article. These ncRNAs could be suggestions for targeting and reducing anti-angiogenic drugs in the future.

CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Therapies for Fighting Drug Resistance Mediated by Cancer Stem Cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer-initiating cells found in most tumors and hematological cancers. CSCs are involved in cells progression, recurrence of tumors, and drug resistance. Current therapies have been focused on treating the mass of tumor cells and cannot eradicate the CSCs. CSCs drug-specific targeting is considered as an approach to precisely target these cells. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene-editing systems are making progress and showing promise in the cancer research field. One of the attractive applications of CRISPR/Cas9 as one approach of gene therapy is targeting the critical genes involved in drug resistance and maintenance of CSCs. The synergistic effects of gene editing as a novel gene therapy approach and traditional therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy, can resolve drug resistance challenges and regression of the cancers. This review article considers different aspects of CRISPR/Cas9 ability in the study and targeting of CSCs with the intention to investigate their application in drug resistance.