ABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos La muerte súbita (MS) de personas jóvenes suele tener una causa genética, por lo cual la «autopsia molecular» puede tener implicaciones importantes para los familiares. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de un programa de autopsia molecular mediante secuenciación masiva. Métodos Estudio prospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes consecutivos de edad ≤ 50 años y fallecidos por MS no violenta, a los que se realizó autopsia molecular mediante paneles amplios por secuenciación masiva, con posterior cribado familiar clínico y genético. Se analizan datos demográficos, clínicos, toxicológicos y genéticos. Resultados Se estudiaron 123 casos consecutivos de MS a edades ≤ 50 años. La incidencia de MS fue de 5,8 casos/100.000 individuos/año, a una media de edad de 36,15±12,7 años; 95 (77%) eran varones. La causa fue cardiaca en el 53%; MS inexplicada en el 24%, tóxicos en el 10,6% y MS del lactante en el 4%. De las cardiacas, el 38% por cardiopatía isquémica, el 7% por miocardiopatía arritmogénica, el 5% por miocardiopatía hipertrófica y el 11% por hipertrofia ventricular izquierda idiopática. Se indicó análisis genético en 62 casos (50,4%). Se hallaron variantes genéticas en 42 (67,7%), con una media de 3,4±4 variantes/paciente, que se consideraron patogénicas o probablemente patogénicas en el 30,6%. De las MS inexplicadas, hasta el 70% presentó alguna variante genética. El estudio familiar permitió detectar a 21 portadores o afectos, 5 de ellos estaban en riesgo, por lo que se indicó implante de desfibrilador. Conclusiones El estudio protocolizado y exhaustivo de la MS cardiaca de personas jóvenes es factible y necesario. En un alto porcentaje la causa es genética y, por lo tanto, existen familiares en riesgo que pueden beneficiarse de un diagnóstico y un tratamiento precoces para evitar complicaciones. (AU)
Introduction and objectives Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people often has a genetic cause. Consequently, the results of molecular autopsy may have important implications for their relatives. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a molecular autopsy program using next-generation sequencing. Methods We performed a prospective study of a cohort of consecutive patients who died from nonviolent SCD, aged ≤ 50 years, and who underwent molecular autopsy using large panels of next-generation sequencing, with subsequent clinical and genetic family screening. We analyzed demographic, clinical, toxicological, and genetic data. Results We studied 123 consecutive cases of SCD in persons aged ≤ 50 years. The incidence of SCD was 5.8 cases/100 000 individuals/y, mean age was 36.15±12.7 years, and 95 were men (77%). The cause was cardiac in 53%, unexplained SCD in 24%, toxic in 10.6%, and infant SCD in 4%. Among cardiac causes, ischemic heart disease accounted for 38% of deaths, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy for 7%, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy for 5%, and idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy for 11%. Genetic analysis was performed in 62 cases (50.4%). Genetic variants were found in 42 cases (67.7%), with a mean of 3.4±4 genetic variants/patient, and the variant found was considered to be pathogenic or probably pathogenic in 30.6%. In unexplained SCD, 70% showed some genetic variant. Family screening diagnosed 21 carriers or affected individuals, 5 of whom were at risk, indicating an implantable cardiac defibrillator. Conclusions Protocol-based and exhaustive study of SCD from cardiac causes in persons aged ≤ 50 years is feasible and necessary. In a high percentage of cases, the cause is genetic, indicating the existence of relatives at risk who could benefit from early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Autopsy , Cardiomyopathies , Channelopathies , Genetics , Prospective Studies , High-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people often has a genetic cause. Consequently, the results of "molecular autopsy" may have important implications for their relatives. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a molecular autopsy program using next-generation sequencing. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of a cohort of consecutive patients who died from nonviolent SCD, aged ≤ 50 years, and who underwent molecular autopsy using large panels of next-generation sequencing, with subsequent clinical and genetic family screening. We analyzed demographic, clinical, toxicological, and genetic data. RESULTS: We studied 123 consecutive cases of SCD in persons aged ≤ 50 years. The incidence of SCD was 5.8 cases/100 000 individuals/y, mean age was 36.15±12.7 years, and 95 were men (77%). The cause was cardiac in 53%, unexplained SCD in 24%, toxic in 10.6%, and infant SCD in 4%. Among cardiac causes, ischemic heart disease accounted for 38% of deaths, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy for 7%, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy for 5%, and idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy for 11%. Genetic analysis was performed in 62 cases (50.4%). Genetic variants were found in 42 cases (67.7%), with a mean of 3.4±4 genetic variants/patient, and the variant found was considered to be pathogenic or probably pathogenic in 30.6%. In unexplained SCD, 70% showed some genetic variant. Family screening diagnosed 21 carriers or affected individuals, 5 of whom were at risk, indicating an implantable cardiac defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS: Protocol-based and exhaustive study of SCD from cardiac causes in persons aged ≤ 50 years is feasible and necessary. In a high percentage of cases, the cause is genetic, indicating the existence of relatives at risk who could benefit from early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Adolescent , Adult , Autopsy , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Female , Genetic Testing , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hyalin , Pericardium/pathology , Heart Neoplasms/diagnosis , Incidental FindingsSubject(s)
Fibroma/diagnosis , Heart Neoplasms/diagnosis , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Hyalin , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
En Patología Forense, frecuentemente nos encontramos con autopsias de muertes súbitas en las que se observan lesiones inespecíficas (edema pulmonar y/o cerebral) como únicos hallazgos macroscópicos y en ocasiones también microscópicos. La información clínica suele ser escasa, la muerte normalmente ocurre sin testigos y el lugar del levantamiento aporta pocos datos orientativos. Nos encontramos, en principio, ante la llamada incorrectamente "autopsia blanca". En estos casos, es imprescindible descartar la participación de tóxicos o trastornos electrolíticos, así como estar familiarizados con todas aquellas patologías que puedan cursar con una muerte súbita. La casuística en este tipo de muertes es reducida debido a su escasa frecuencia y a la dificultad de inscribir correctamente la causa de muerte en los registros de mortalidad. Este artículo trata de revisar aquellas patologías extracardíacas que, con mayor frecuencia, nos podemos encontrar en este tipo de autopsias: muerte súbita e inesperada del epiléptico, trauma cerebral mínimo, asma bronquial, hipertensión pulmonar, microembolismo, diabetes mellitus tipo I y cetoacidosis alcohólica. En muchos de estos casos, los estudios químico-toxicológicos e histológicos postmortem pueden establecer la causa de muerte, si los datos clínicos y los obtenidos en el momento del levantamiento son compatibles con la misma (AU)
