ABSTRACT
Hyperthermia (HT) is a technique for treating malignancies by raising the temperature of the defected tissues. This technique has been used as a treatment to raise tumor area temperatures between 42 °C to 48 °C. Hyperthermia penetrates deeper malignant cells by heating the region of interest when magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are exposed to an externally induced magnetic field of the incident wave. In this work, numerical analysis was used to examine the temporal and spatial temperature distributions within a tumor. The temperature field was analyzed using the mass transfer and diffusion theories in the interstitial tissue. A bio-heating module in COMSOL Multi-Physics was used for different types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) including nanorods, nanospheres, and nano-ellipsoids with different shapes. The objective of this study is to analyze the use of AuNPs for hyperthermia. The results show that AuNPs achieve a maximum temperature for Au nanorods as compared to nano ellipsoids and nanospheres. The Au NPs achieve thermal equilibrium after 0.5 µs and are effective for hyperthermia treatment. The results describe the effect of nanoparticle shape and surface coating on thermal absorption around the nanoparticle in hyperthermia. The significance of Au NPs for hyperthermia is explained. It is expected that this study will be helpful in the future for hyperthermia treatment.
ABSTRACT
The finite element analysis technique was used to investigate the suitability of silver nanorods, spheres, ellipsoids and core−shell structures for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. The temperature of the silver nanostructures was raised from 42 to 46 °C, in order to kill the cancerous cells. The time taken by the nanostructures to attain this temperature, with external source heating, was also estimated. The heat transfer module in COMSOL Multiphysics was used for the finite element analysis of hyperthermia, based on silver nanostructures. The thermal response of different shapes of silver nanostructures was evaluated by placing them inside the spherical domain of the tumor tissue. The proposed geometries were heated at different time intervals. Optimization of the geometries was performed to achieve the best treatment temperature. It was observed that silver nanorods quickly attain the desired temperature, as compared to other shapes. The silver nanorods achieved the highest temperature of 44.3 °C among all the analyzed geometries. Moreover, the central volume, used to identify the thermal response, was the maximum for the silver nano-ellipsoids. Thermal equilibrium in the treatment region was attained after 0.5 µs of heating, which made these structures suitable for hyperthermia treatment.
