Quackery as a Cause of Maxillofacial Infections and Its Implications.

Background: In recent times, the prevalence of quackery in oral and maxillofacial practice has become rampant with complications, one of which is odontogenic infections. This study was aimed to identify how common quackery is among our patients with odontogenic infections and the outcome of the patients. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of all patients presenting with odontogenic infections seen at the accident and emergency unit and the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria from January 2017 to December 2021. Information obtained included sociodemographic characteristics, presenting complaints, duration of illness, prehospital care, diagnosis, duration of hospital stay, where the patient was first managed, what is the "doctor/dentist" status, and outcome. Results: A total of 237 patients were recruited with a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. The commonest presenting complaints were toothache and jaw swelling with patients been ill for up to 2 weeks before presenting. About 41.8% of the patients have a co-existing health condition, and 46.4% of the patients had tooth extraction by a quack, with 82.7% taking antibiotics prescribed by a chemist before presentation. About 11.0% of the patients died; 96.2% of those that died had their tooth extracted by quacks. Patients with preexisting health conditions and preadmission tooth extraction were more likely to die with odds ratio (OR) = 2.230; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-4.71 and OR = 28.9; 95% CI = 3.97-209.6, respectively. Conclusion: Quackery is very common in our society. The odds of death are increased in patients with odontogenic infection if the patient has a preexisting health condition and even more significant if they had their tooth extracted by quacks.

CLEFT LIP, ALVEOLUS AND PALATE IN AFRICAN NATIVES: AN UPDATE ON DEMOGRAPHICS AND MANAGEMENT OUTCOME.

BACKGROUND: Development of craniofacial structures is a complex process and disruption of any of the numerous steps can lead to development of oro-facial clefts. This is a surgically amenable anomaly as from early life that has had conflicting pattern of demographics reported by various researchers globally. There are several factors that are critical to the surgical outcome. OBJECTIVE: Study the demographics and the management outcome of cleft lip, alveolus and palate and highlight factors responsible for improved care in recent time. DESIGN: Descriptive cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary health institution. METHOD: All consecutive patients managed for cleft lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) over 7years and 10months were studied. OUTCOME: Cleft lip, alveolus and palate repair was performed on 149 patients, January 1, 2001- December 31, 2008 with an incidence of 2.1/1000 live births. From this, 27 patients, averaging 4.5 patients per year were operated for the first 6 1/3 years while the remaining 122(81.9%) the next 1 1/2 years, averaging 81.6 patients yearly. Their ages ranged from 3 months - 60 years with 77 (51.7%) males and 72 (48.3.0%) females. Cleft lip was the main presentation in 108(72.5%) of which 72(66.7%) were left sided. Bilateral cleft lip were14 (9.4%). Five (3.4%) patients had associated anomalies out of which 3(60.0%) had CLAP while 2(40.0%) isolated cleft lip or palate. The technique for cleft lip repair was Millard's and Noordhoof's while palatal cleft was the two-flap palatoplasty with intravelar veloplasty. Success was recorded in 142(95.3%) with complication observed in 7(4.7%) patients. CONCLUSION: The rarity of cleft lip, alveolus and/or palate in the African native documented previously may no longer be tenable as observe in this study. Management outcome has improved owing to the collaboration with SmileTrain, USA, along with multidisciplinary approach.

Histopathological analysis of endometrial biopsies in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria. A 5-year critical review.

AIMS: This study is aimed at giving an insight into the pattern and age distribution of endometrial analysis as seen at Jos University Teaching Hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective reviewed cases of endometrial biopsies diagnosed between January 1998 to December 2002 in the Histopathological Department ofJos University Teaching Hospital RESULTS: A review of endometrial biopsies slides from 556 patients revealed that pregnancy related diagnosis was the commonest, representing 302 (54.3%) of histopathological diagnosis, followed by endometrial hyperplasia, accounting for 97 cases (17.5%) and majority of which was categorised as mild hyperplasias. Hydatidiform mole, which ranked third, constituted 58 (10.4%) of the cases studied. Choriocarcinoma was the leading malignancy representing 10 cases (45%) of the malignant tumours and 1.8% of all the endometrial biopsies. Endometrial adenocarcinoma, stromal sarcoma and metastatic cancer constituted 6 (1.0%), 3 (0.5%) and 3 (0.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The commonest endometrial pattern seen in JUTH over the study period was products of conception which peak in the third decade of life; primary malignancies of the endometrium are uncommon in JUTH and they represented just about 2%.

Histopathological types of breast cancer in Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria: a seven-year review.

This was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive breast cancer specimens submitted to the Pathology Department Of Federal Medical Centre, Gombe which renders histopathology services to four states in the North Eastern region of Nigeria. A total of 172 cases of malignant breast tumours were recorded during the 7 years under review. Out of the 172 cases of breast cancers analysed, 7 (4%) were in males while the remaining 165 (96%) were in females giving a male: female ratio of 1:24. The most common histopathological type of breast cancer found in this study was Invasive Ductal Carcinoma no special type (NST) accounting for 78.8% of cases.

Histopathological types of breast cancer in Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria: a seven-year review

This was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive breast cancer specimens submitted to the Pathology Department Of Federal Medical Centre, Gombe which renders histopathology services to four states in the North Eastern region of Nigeria. A total of 172 cases of malignant breast tumours were recorded during the 7 years under review. Out of the 172 cases of breast cancers analysed, 7(4%) were in males while the remaining 165(96%) were in females giving a male: female ratio of 1:24. The most common histopathological type of breast cancer found in this study was Invasive Ductal Carcinoma no special type (NST) accounting for 78.8% of cases (Afr J Reprod Health 2011; 15[1]: 107-109)

Histopathological Pattern of Breast Carcinoma in Different Age Groups

Background: Breast cancers tend to be more aggressive in younger patients and some histopathological types like medullary; mucinous and tubular variants have a better prognosis. This study describes the histopathologic pattern and tumour grade of breast carcinoma in younger patients. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive breast cancer specimens submitted to the histopathology department of Federal Medical Centre Gombe during the study period. The data was analyzed with EPI Info 2002 using simple means and percentages. Results: A total of 167 cases of breast carcinoma in 164 females were reviewed with three patients having bilateral disease. The age range of the study population was 22-75 years with a mean age of 44 +/-11.7 years. One hundred and twenty seven patients (76) were aged less than 50 years while the rest were above 50 years. A total of 133 tumours were invasive ductal carcinomas; 107(80.45) of which were in the premenopausal age group and 26(19.55) in post menopausal age. One hundred and six patients (63.5) had low grade tumours (grades 1 and 2) while 61(36.5) had high grade tumours (Grades III and IV tumours). Forty three (70.5) of these high grade tumours were seen in premenopausal age group. Eleven patients had invasive lobular carcinoma of which 4(36.4) were premenopausal while 7(63.6) were post menopausal. Conclusion: It is concluded that younger patients tended to frequently have aggressive and high grade disease