The University of Kansas Health System Outpatient Clinical Concussion Comprehensive Protocol: An Interdisciplinary Approach.

Objective: The concussion team at The University of Kansas Health System outpatient rehabilitation spine center is comprised of experienced multi-disciplinary experts including physical therapists and a speech language pathologist. The team set forth with a purpose of creating and organizing an internal physical therapy clinical recommendation protocol for initial evaluations and subsequent treatments for the concussed patient. The aim of this paper is to share these recommendation protocols with other therapy teams and provide a foundational layout for treating the patient with post-concussion symptoms in an outpatient physical therapy clinical setting. Study design: Clinical recommendation protocol provides guidance for patients ages 10+ from initial evaluation through discharge with emphasis on evidence-based research in the areas of: oculomotor, cervical, vestibular, post-concussion migraine influence, mood disorders(such as anxiety and depression), exertion, and cognitive communicative dysfunction. Results: Finding a written, comprehensive clinical resource protocol for post-concussion outpatient evaluation(s) and treatment strategies can be difficult. This document serves as a resource for other outpatient concussion rehabilitation clinics, providing rationale, and objective measurement tools, for assessing and treating concussion patients. To the authors' knowledge, no other research has produced a practical, efficient evaluation tool to be utilized at bed side, condensing evidence-based research into an easy-to-use form. Conclusion: The University of Kansas Health System outpatient concussion rehabilitation center developed clinical recommendation protocols for concussion care. The intent was to standardize assessment and treatment for concussion patients and to share these objective measurement tools and procedures, focused on a team approach of concussion providers, as a clinical outline for both the novice and seasoned clinician specializing in the field of concussion work in an outpatient rehabilitation setting.

Efecto del empleo de prescripciones informatizadas en la seguridad de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados / Effect of electronic prescriptions on the safety of hospitalized pediatric patients

Introducción. Los errores en prescripción médica (EPM) son la causa más frecuente de errores prevenibles. El empleo de sistemas de prescripción informatizada (PI) contribuiría a disminuir el error y a mejorar la calidad de atención. Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de la PI en la prevalencia de EPM y eventos adversos (EA) relacionados en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. Evaluar la adherencia, aceptabilidad y apropiabilidad de la herramienta por parte de los usuarios. Método. Diseño híbrido, descriptivo y cuasiexperimental tipo antes-después. Se incluyeron prescripciones médicas de pacientes hospitalizados, calculando la prevalencia de EPM y EA relacionados, en los períodos pre-y pos implementación de la PI en un hospital pediátrico (HP) y en uno general (HG) que se tomó como control. Se evaluó la adherencia mediante la proporción de las PI sobre las totales registradas en el período posimplementación. Se evaluó la aceptabilidad y apropiabilidad de la implementación por encuesta a los usuarios. Resultados. Al comparar la prevalencia de EPM pre- y posimplementación en el HP, se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en los dos hospitales: HP 29,1 versus 19,9 EPM/100 prescripciones (OR: 1,65; IC95 %: 1,34-2,02; p < 0,01). En el HG 24,9 versus 13,6 EPM/100 prescripciones (OR: 2,1; IC95 %: 1,5-2,8; p < 0,01). La tasa de adherencia global a la PI fue del 83 %. La implementación presentó aceptabilidad y apropiabilidad satisfactoria. Conclusión. La prevalencia de EPM se redujo un 30 % posimplementación. La adherencia global a la herramienta fue satisfactoria

Introduction. Prescription errors are the most common cause of preventable errors. Electronic prescription (EP) systems may help to reduce errors and improve the quality of care. Objectives. To assess the effect of EP on the prevalence of prescription errors and related adverse events (AE) among hospitalized pediatric patients. To assess EP adherence, acceptability, and suitability among users. Method. Hybrid, descriptive, and quasi-experimental, before-and-after design. Prescriptions made to hospitalized patients were included, estimating the prevalence of prescription errors and related AE in the pre- and post- EP implementation periods at a children's hospital (CH) and a general hospital (GH) used as control. Adherence was assessed based on the proportion of EP among all prescriptions registered in the post-implementation period. The acceptability and suitability of EP implementation was assessed via a user survey. Results. The prevalence of prescription errors pre- and post-EP implementation at the CH was compared and a statistically significant reduction was observed in both hospitals: CH: 29.1 versus 19.9 prescription errors/100 prescriptions (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.34-2.02;p < 0.01). GH: 24.9 versus 13.6 prescription errors/100 prescriptions (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-2.8; p < 0.01). The rate of overall adherence to EP was 83%. The implementation of EP was adequately acceptable and suitable. Conclusion. The prevalence of prescription errors reduced 30% after the implementation of EP. The overall adherence to EP was adequate.

Effect of electronic prescriptions on the safety of hospitalized pediatric patients. / Efecto del empleo de prescripciones informatizadas en la seguridad de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados.

INTRODUCTION: Prescription errors are the most common cause of preventable errors. Electronic prescription (EP) systems may help to reduce errors and improve the quality of care. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of EP on the prevalence of prescription errors and related adverse events (AE) among hospitalized pediatric patients. To assess EP adherence, acceptability, and suitability among users. METHODS: Hybrid, descriptive, and quasi-experimental, before-and-after design. Prescriptions made to hospitalized patients were included, estimating the prevalence of prescription errors and related AE in the pre- and post- EP implementation periods at a children's hospital (CH) and a general hospital (GH) used as control. Adherence was assessed based on the proportion of EP among all prescriptions registered in the post-implementation period. The acceptability and suitability of EP implementation was assessed via a user survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of prescription errors pre- and post-EP implementation at the CH was compared and a statistically significant reduction was observed in both hospitals: CH: 29.1 versus 19.9 prescription errors/100 prescriptions (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.34-2.02; p < 0.01). GH: 24.9 versus 13.6 prescription errors/100 prescriptions (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-2.8; p < 0.01). The rate of overall adherence to EP was 83%. The implementation of EP was adequately acceptable and suitable. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of prescription errors reduced 30% after the implementation of EP. The overall adherence to EP was adequate.

Introducción. Los errores en prescripción médica (EPM) son la causa más frecuente de errores prevenibles. El empleo de sistemas de prescripción informatizada (PI) contribuiría a disminuir el error y a mejorar la calidad de atención. Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de la PI en la prevalencia de EPM y eventos adversos (EA) relacionados en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. Evaluar la adherencia, aceptabilidad y apropiabilidad de la herramienta por parte de los usuarios. Método. Diseño híbrido, descriptivo y cuasiexperimental tipo antes-después. Se incluyeron prescripciones médicas de pacientes hospitalizados, calculando la prevalencia de EPM y EA relacionados, en los períodos pre-y posimplementación de la PI en un hospital pediátrico (HP) y en uno general (HG) que se tomó como control. Se evaluó la adherencia mediante la proporción de las PI sobre las totales registradas en el período posimplementación. Se evaluó la aceptabilidad y apropiabilidad de la implementación por encuesta a los usuarios. Resultados. Al comparar la prevalencia de EPM pre- y posimplementación en el HP, se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en los dos hospitales: HP 29,1 versus 19,9 EPM/100 prescripciones (OR: 1,65; IC95 %: 1,34-2,02; p < 0,01). En el HG 24,9 versus 13,6 EPM/100 prescripciones (OR: 2,1; IC95 %: 1,5-2,8; p < 0,01). La tasa de adherencia global a la PI fue del 83 %. La implementación presentó aceptabilidad y apropiabilidad satisfactoria. Conclusión. La prevalencia de EPM se redujo un 30 % posimplementación. La adherencia global a la herramienta fue satisfactoria.

Physician's communicational skills. Experience in the medicine department of a pediatric hospital. / [Habilidades comunicacionales del médico. Experiencia en el Departamento de Medicina de un hospital pediátrico.]

Background: Communication is an essential task to achieve quality in medical practice. It includes a series of acquired skills that collaborate in improving patient safety. Exploring physician´s communication skills could improve the care quality of an Institution. Our objective was to evaluate the attending physicians´communicative competence in a Pediatric Hospital, and to explore which professionals' factors could be potentially associated with this competence quality. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study. 40 doctor-patient interviews were observed from December 2018 to March 2019, in the Hospitalization Units. The Kalamazoo Essential Elements Communication Checklist (adapted) was used as a tool to assess competence in the communication process. Result: In 62.5% (25/40) of the observed interviews, communicative competence was evaluated as acceptable (95% CI 47.03-75.78). No association was found between physicians' practice experience or years since their graduation and the communicational acceptability. Female sex was an independent predictor for acceptable communication (OR: 10.3, 95% CI 1.9-53.1, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Communication skills of the medical staff observed in the Hospital were acceptable in 62.5% of the cases. Female sex resulted in an independent factor for acceptable communication. Even though the observed physicians´ communicative competence was generally acceptable, it is important to carry out actions aimed at optimizing communication skills since they do not only improve with experience.

Introducción: La comunicación es una tarea esencial para la práctica médica de calidad, incluye una serie de habilidades aprendidas que colaboran en mejorar la seguridad del paciente. Explorar la competencia en comunicación de los médicos podría mejorar la calidad de atención de la institución. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la competencia comunicativa de médicos de planta de un hospital pediátrico y explorar factores de los profesionales potencialmente asociados a la calidad de la misma. Métodos: Estudio analítico, transversal. Se observaron 40 entrevistas médico-paciente durante diciembre 2018 - marzo 2019, en las unidades de internación de un Hospital pediátrico. Se utilizó la lista de verificación adaptada de los elementos esenciales de comunicación de Kalamazoo como herramienta para evaluar la competencia en el proceso de comunicación. Resultado: En el 62,5 % (25/40) de las entrevistas observadas, la competencia comunicativa se evalúo como aceptable (IC95% 47,03-75,78). No se halló relación entre la antigüedad en el cargo ni los años desde la graduación del médico observado y la aceptabilidad de la comunicación. El sexo femenino resultó predictor independiente para comunicación aceptable (OR: 10,3; IC95 % 1,9-53,1; p=0,005). Conclusión: Las habilidades comunicacionales del personal médico observado en el Hospital resultaron aceptables en el 62,5% de los casos. El sexo femenino se mostró como factor independiente para comunicación aceptable. Si bien la competencia comunicativa de los médicos observados en general fue aceptable, es importante llevar a cabo acciones tendientes a optimizar las habilidades comunicacionales ya que ellas no solo mejoran con la experiencia.

Detección de eventos adversos en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados mediante la herramienta de disparadores globales Global Trigger Tool / Measuring adverse events in pediatric inpatients with the Global Trigger Tool

Introducción: La seguridad del paciente hospitalizado es prioritaria para el sistema de salud. La herramienta de disparadores globales parecería ser adecuada para estimar la incidencia de eventos adversos (EA) en niños hospitalizados. Objetivos: Describir la incidencia y la categorización de EA en niños hospitalizados utilizando la herramienta de disparadores globales e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición. Población y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 200 historias clínicas de pacientes internados en el Hospital Elizalde en el año 2013. Variables de resultado: número de EA/100 ingresos y distribución del dano. Se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado, la prueba de t y la correlación de Pearson. Nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Se detectaron 289 disparadores (1,4/paciente); 52 EA (26 EA cada 100 pacientes, IC 95%: 20,4-32,5). Presentaron, al menos, un EA 36 pacientes; 7 pacientes sufrieron más de uno; 45 EA fueron categoría E y F (dano temporario). Los disparadores de cuidados médicos se asociaron con EA (OR 8,1; IC 95%: 3,7-17,3; p < 0,001). Se encontró una correlación positiva entre el número de disparadores y el número de EA por paciente (R= 0,46; p < 0,001). Los pacientes internados en unidad cerrada (OR 2,8; IC 95%: 1,2-6,5; p= 0,03) y el mayor promedio de días de internación se asociaron a EA (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Se identificó una frecuencia de 26% de EA; la mayoría fue dano temporario. La internación en una unidad cerrada, la mayor cantidad de días de internación, el mayor número de disparadores y los disparadores de cuidados generales se asociaron con la presencia de EA.

Introduction: The safety of inpatients is a priority in the health care system. The Global Trigger Tool seems to be suitable to estimate the incidence of adverse events (AE) in pediatric inpatients. Objectives: To describe the incidence and categories of AE in pediatric inpatients using the Global Trigger Tool and to identify risk factors associated to their development. Population and methods: Retrospective study. Medical records of 200 patients hospitalized at Hospital Elizalde during 2013 were included. Outcome measures: number of AE/100 admissions and distribution of harm. A chi² test, Student's t test and Pearson's correlation test were carried out. Significance level = p < 0.05. Results: The study detected 289 triggers (1.4/patient); 52 AEs (26 AEs/100 patients, 95% CI: 20.4-32.5). There was at least one AE every 36 patients; 7 patients had more than one AE; 45 AEs were in the E and F categories (temporary harm). Medical care triggers were associated to AEs (OR 8.1; 95% CI: 3.7-17.3, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the number of triggers and the number of AEs per patient (R= 0.46; p < 0.001). Being hospitalized in a closed unit (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2-6.5; p= 0.03) and a longer hospital stay were associated to AEs (p < 0.001). Conclusion: An AE frequency of 26% was identified, and most AEs resulted in temporary harm. The presence of AEs was associated to hospitalization in a closed unit, longer hospital stay, higher number of triggers and general care triggers.

Measuring adverse events in pediatric inpatients with the Global Trigger Tool. / Detección de eventos adversos en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados mediante la herramienta de disparadores globales Global Trigger Tool.

INTRODUCTION: The safety of inpatients is a priority in the health care system. The Global Trigger Tool seems to be suitable to estimate the incidence of adverse events (AE) in pediatric inpatients. OBJETIVES: To describe the incidence and categories of AE in pediatric inpatients using the Global Trigger Tool and to identify risk factors associated to their development. POPULATION AND METHODS: Retrospective study. Medical records of 200 patients hospitalized at Hospital Elizalde during 2013 were included. Outcome measures: number of AE/100 admissions and distribution of harm. A chi² test, Student´s t test and Pearson's correlation test were carried out. Significance level = p < 0.05. RESULTS: The study detected 289 triggers (1.4/patient); 52 AEs (26 AEs/100 patients, 95% CI: 20.4-32.5). There was at least one AE every 36 patients; 7 patients had more than one AE; 45 AEs were in the E and F categories (temporary harm). Medical care triggers were associated to AEs (OR 8.1; 95% CI: 3.7-17.3, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the number of triggers and the number of AEs per patient (R= 0.46; p < 0.001). Being hospitalized in a closed unit (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2-6.5; p= 0.03) and a longer hospital stay were associated to AEs (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: An AE frequency of 26% was identified, and most AEs resulted in temporary harm. The presence of AEs was associated to hospitalization in a closed unit, longer hospital stay, higher number of triggers and general care triggers.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La seguridad del paciente hospitalizado es prioritaria para el sistema de salud. La herramienta de disparadores globales parecería ser adecuada para estimar la incidencia de eventos adversos (EA) en niños hospitalizados. OBJETIVOS: Describir la incidencia y la categorización de EA en niños hospitalizados utilizando la herramienta de disparadores globales e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 200 historias clínicas de pacientes internados en el Hospital Elizalde en el año 2013. Variables de resultado: número de EA/100 ingresos y distribución del daño. Se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado, la prueba de t y la correlación de Pearson. Nivel de significación de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron 289 disparadores (1,4/paciente); 52 EA (26 EA cada 100 pacientes, IC 95%: 20,4-32,5). Presentaron, al menos, un EA 36 pacientes; 7 pacientes sufrieron más de uno; 45 EA fueron categoría E y F (daño temporario). Los disparadores de cuidados médicos se asociaron con EA (OR 8,1; IC 95%: 3,7-17,3; p < 0,001). Se encontró una correlación positiva entre el número de disparadores y el número de EA por paciente (R= 0,46; p < 0,001). Los pacientes internados en unidad cerrada (OR 2,8; IC 95%: 1,2-6,5; p= 0,03) y el mayor promedio de días de internación se asociaron a EA (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: Se identificó una frecuencia de 26% de EA; la mayoría fue daño temporario. La internación en una unidad cerrada, la mayor cantidad de días de internación, el mayor número de disparadores y los disparadores de cuidados generales se asociaron con la presencia de EA.

Evaluación de la producción científica del Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011 / Assessment of the scientific output of Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011

Introducción. El monitoreo de las presentaciones y publicaciones de una institución es una medida idónea para valorar su producción científica. Objetivos. Estimar la proporción de proyectos de investigación de un hospital pediátrico que fueron finalizados y sus resultados presentados/ publicados; describir sus diseños y características; describir las condiciones limitantes para el desarrollo o la difusión de las investigaciones. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo y analítico que incluyó los trabajos científicos autorizados para desarrollar entre 2000 y 2011. Se contactó a cada investigador y se le solicitó que participara en una encuesta que indagaba sobre el desarrollo de la investigación, la difusión de los resultados y las posibles causas de su no finalización/no difusión. Resultados. Respondieron la encuesta los autores de 197 proyectos (60,9% finalizados, 16,2% en curso, 12,7% cancelados y 10,2% suspendidos). Los ensayos con fármacos tuvieron más riesgo de no completarse. De los finalizados (n= 120), 45,8% correspondieron a investigación clínica, 43,3% a epidemiológica y 10% a servicios de salud. Por diseño, 77,5% fueron observacionales y 22,5% experimentales. Por alcance, 69,1% fueron limitados al hospital, 16,6% multicéntricos internacionales y 14,1% multicéntricos nacionales. Solo 36,6% recibieron financiamiento. La falta de tiempo (20%) y el tamaño muestral insuficiente (10%) fueron las razones más referidas como responsables de la no difusión. El 78,3% fue presentado en congresos y 37,5% publicado. Solo la presencia de financiación fue un predictor independiente de publicación. Conclusiones. De los proyectos aprobados, 60,9% fueron finalizados y de ellos, 78,3% fueron presentados en congresos y 37,5% publicados. Los ensayos con fármacos tuvieron más riesgo de no completarse y aquellos con financiamiento tuvieron más probabilidades de ser publicados.

Introduction. Monitoring article submissions and publications developed by an institution is a suitable measure to assess its scientific output. Objectives. To estimate the proportion of research projects that were completed and had results submitted/published by a pediatric hospital; to describe research project design and characteristics; to outline limitations on research development or dissemination. Methods. Descriptive and analytical study including scientific studies approved to be developed between 2000 and 2011. Each investigator was contacted and asked to participate in a survey on research development, result dissemination and possible reasons for not completing or disseminating a study. Results. The survey was completed by the authors of 197 projects (60.9% completed, 16.2% ongoing, 12.7% cancelled, and 10.2% put off). Drug trials were most likely not to be completed. Of all completed projects (n = 120), 45.8% were clinical research studies, 43.3% were epidemiological studies, and 10% were related to health services. When analyzed by design, 77.5% were observational studies while 22.5% were experimental ones. In terms of scope, 69.1% were restricted to the hospital, 16.6% were international multicenter studies, and 14.1% were national multicenter studies. Only 36.6% of projects received funding. Lack of time (20%) and insufficient sample size (10%) were the most commonly indicated reasons for non dissemination. A total of 78.3% of projects were presented in conferences and 37.5% were published. The presence of funding was the only independent predictor of publication. Conclusions. Of all approved projects, 60.9% were completed; of them, 78.3% were presented in conferences and 37.5% were published. Drug trials were most likely not to be completed, and funded studies had more chances of being published.

Evaluación de la producción científica del Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011 / Assessment of the scientific output of Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011

Introducción. El monitoreo de las presentaciones y publicaciones de una institución es una medida idónea para valorar su producción científica. Objetivos. Estimar la proporción de proyectos de investigación de un hospital pediátrico que fueron finalizados y sus resultados presentados/ publicados; describir sus diseños y características; describir las condiciones limitantes para el desarrollo o la difusión de las investigaciones. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo y analítico que incluyó los trabajos científicos autorizados para desarrollar entre 2000 y 2011. Se contactó a cada investigador y se le solicitó que participara en una encuesta que indagaba sobre el desarrollo de la investigación, la difusión de los resultados y las posibles causas de su no finalización/no difusión. Resultados. Respondieron la encuesta los autores de 197 proyectos (60,9% finalizados, 16,2% en curso, 12,7% cancelados y 10,2% suspendidos). Los ensayos con fármacos tuvieron más riesgo de no completarse. De los finalizados (n= 120), 45,8% correspondieron a investigación clínica, 43,3% a epidemiológica y 10% a servicios de salud. Por diseño, 77,5% fueron observacionales y 22,5% experimentales. Por alcance, 69,1% fueron limitados al hospital, 16,6% multicéntricos internacionales y 14,1% multicéntricos nacionales. Solo 36,6% recibieron financiamiento. La falta de tiempo (20%) y el tamaño muestral insuficiente (10%) fueron las razones más referidas como responsables de la no difusión. El 78,3% fue presentado en congresos y 37,5% publicado. Solo la presencia de financiación fue un predictor independiente de publicación. Conclusiones. De los proyectos aprobados, 60,9% fueron finalizados y de ellos, 78,3% fueron presentados en congresos y 37,5% publicados. Los ensayos con fármacos tuvieron más riesgo de no completarse y aquellos con financiamiento tuvieron más probabilidades de ser publicados.(AU)

Introduction. Monitoring article submissions and publications developed by an institution is a suitable measure to assess its scientific output. Objectives. To estimate the proportion of research projects that were completed and had results submitted/published by a pediatric hospital; to describe research project design and characteristics; to outline limitations on research development or dissemination. Methods. Descriptive and analytical study including scientific studies approved to be developed between 2000 and 2011. Each investigator was contacted and asked to participate in a survey on research development, result dissemination and possible reasons for not completing or disseminating a study. Results. The survey was completed by the authors of 197 projects (60.9% completed, 16.2% ongoing, 12.7% cancelled, and 10.2% put off). Drug trials were most likely not to be completed. Of all completed projects (n = 120), 45.8% were clinical research studies, 43.3% were epidemiological studies, and 10% were related to health services. When analyzed by design, 77.5% were observational studies while 22.5% were experimental ones. In terms of scope, 69.1% were restricted to the hospital, 16.6% were international multicenter studies, and 14.1% were national multicenter studies. Only 36.6% of projects received funding. Lack of time (20%) and insufficient sample size (10%) were the most commonly indicated reasons for non dissemination. A total of 78.3% of projects were presented in conferences and 37.5% were published. The presence of funding was the only independent predictor of publication. Conclusions. Of all approved projects, 60.9% were completed; of them, 78.3% were presented in conferences and 37.5% were published. Drug trials were most likely not to be completed, and funded studies had more chances of being published.(AU)

Assessment of the scientific output of Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011.

INTRODUCTION: Monitoring article submissions and publications developed by an institution is a suitable measure to assess its scientific output. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of research projects that were completed and had results submitted/published by a pediatric hospital; to describe research project design and characteristics; to outline limitations on research development or dissemination. METHODS: Descriptive and analytical study including scientific studies approved to be developed between 2000 and 2011. Each investigator was contacted and asked to participate in a survey on research development, result dissemination and possible reasons for not completing or disseminating a study. RESULTS: The survey was completed by the authors of 197 projects (60.9% completed, 16.2% ongoing, 12.7% cancelled, and 10.2% put off). Drug trials were most likely not to be completed. Of all completed projects (n = 120), 45.8% were clinical research studies, 43.3% were epidemiological studies, and 10% were related to health services. When analyzed by design, 77.5% were observational studies while 22.5% were experimental ones. In terms of scope, 69.1% were restricted to the hospital, 16.6% were international multicenter studies, and 14.1% were national multicenter studies. Only 36.6% of projects received funding. Lack of time (20%) and insufficient sample size (10%) were the most commonly indicated reasons for non dissemination. A total of 78.3% of projects were presented in conferences and 37.5% were published. The presence of funding was the only independent predictor of publication. CONCLUSIONS: Of all approved projects, 60.9% were completed; of them, 78.3% were presented in conferences and 37.5% were published. Drug trials were most likely not to be completed, and funded studies had more chances of being published.

Assessment of the scientific output of Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011. / Assessment of the scientific output of Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, 2000-2011.

INTRODUCTION: Monitoring article submissions and publications developed by an institution is a suitable measure to assess its scientific output. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of research projects that were completed and had results submitted/published by a pediatric hospital; to describe research project design and characteristics; to outline limitations on research development or dissemination. METHODS: Descriptive and analytical study including scientific studies approved to be developed between 2000 and 2011. Each investigator was contacted and asked to participate in a survey on research development, result dissemination and possible reasons for not completing or disseminating a study. RESULTS: The survey was completed by the authors of 197 projects (60.9

completed, 16.2

ongoing, 12.7

cancelled, and 10.2

put off). Drug trials were most likely not to be completed. Of all completed projects (n = 120), 45.8

were clinical research studies, 43.3

were epidemiological studies, and 10

were related to health services. When analyzed by design, 77.5

were observational studies while 22.5

were experimental ones. In terms of scope, 69.1

were restricted to the hospital, 16.6

were international multicenter studies, and 14.1

were national multicenter studies. Only 36.6

of projects received funding. Lack of time (20

) and insufficient sample size (10

) were the most commonly indicated reasons for non dissemination. A total of 78.3

of projects were presented in conferences and 37.5

were published. The presence of funding was the only independent predictor of publication. CONCLUSIONS: Of all approved projects, 60.9

were completed; of them, 78.3

were presented in conferences and 37.5

were published. Drug trials were most likely not to be completed, and funded studies had more chances of being published.

Participación de médicos residentes de un hospital pediátrico en las actividades científicas y de formación de laSociedad Argentina de Pediatría / Participation of one Children Hospital residents in scientific and training activities of Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría

La Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (SAP) ofrece actividades científicas y de perfeccionamiento para pediatras y médicos en formación. Evaluamos la participación de médicos residentesdel Hospital Pedro de Elizalde en actividades científicas y de formación de la SAP y la tendencia de participacióndurante la residencia.Se encuestaron 107 residentes. El 48 por ciento eran socios de SAP y laparticipación aumentó significativamente a lo largo de la residencia (p menor 0,01). Ninguno de los encuestados participaba en organismos societarios. El 84 por ciento desconocía al Grupo de pediatras en formación. El 49 por ciento participaba de los programas de formación continua con tendencia creciente durante la residencia (p menor 0,01). El 80 por ciento consideró que la SAP es una entidad amigable.Concluimos que la participación de los residentes en la SAP es escasa en los dos primeros años de formación y se incrementa en los residentes superiores. Es necesario incentivar el interés por las actividades en los residentes de primero y segundo años.

Participación de médicos residentes de un hospital pediátrico en las actividades científicas y de formación de laSociedad Argentina de Pediatría / Participation of one Children Hospital residents in scientific and training activities of Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría

La Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (SAP) ofrece actividades científicas y de perfeccionamiento para pediatras y médicos en formación. Evaluamos la participación de médicos residentesdel Hospital Pedro de Elizalde en actividades científicas y de formación de la SAP y la tendencia de participacióndurante la residencia.Se encuestaron 107 residentes. El 48 por ciento eran socios de SAP y laparticipación aumentó significativamente a lo largo de la residencia (p menor 0,01). Ninguno de los encuestados participaba en organismos societarios. El 84 por ciento desconocía al Grupo de pediatras en formación. El 49 por ciento participaba de los programas de formación continua con tendencia creciente durante la residencia (p menor 0,01). El 80 por ciento consideró que la SAP es una entidad amigable.Concluimos que la participación de los residentes en la SAP es escasa en los dos primeros años de formación y se incrementa en los residentes superiores. Es necesario incentivar el interés por las actividades en los residentes de primero y segundo años.(AU)

Participación de médicos residentes de un hospital pediátrico en las actividades científicas y de formación de laSociedad Argentina de Pediatría / Participation of one Children Hospital residents in scientific and training activities of Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría

La Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (SAP) ofrece actividades científicas y de perfeccionamiento para pediatras y médicos en formación. Evaluamos la participación de médicos residentesdel Hospital Pedro de Elizalde en actividades científicas y de formación de la SAP y la tendencia de participacióndurante la residencia.Se encuestaron 107 residentes. El 48 por ciento eran socios de SAP y laparticipación aumentó significativamente a lo largo de la residencia (p menor 0,01). Ninguno de los encuestados participaba en organismos societarios. El 84 por ciento desconocía al Grupo de pediatras en formación. El 49 por ciento participaba de los programas de formación continua con tendencia creciente durante la residencia (p menor 0,01). El 80 por ciento consideró que la SAP es una entidad amigable.Concluimos que la participación de los residentes en la SAP es escasa en los dos primeros años de formación y se incrementa en los residentes superiores. Es necesario incentivar el interés por las actividades en los residentes de primero y segundo años.(AU)

[Participation of one children hospital residents in scientific and training activities of Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría]. / Participación de médicos residentes de un hospital pediátrico en las actividades científicas y de formación de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.

The Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría, SAP (Argentine Society of Pediatrics) offers courses and scientific activities for pediatricians and residents. We evaluated the participation of Pedro de Elizalde Hospital residents in the scientific and training activities of SAP and assessed the trend of participation throughout the residency; 107 residents were surveyed; 48% were members, and the participation increased significantly throughout the residence (p <0.01). None of the surveyed residents were part of any association; 84% did not know the "Pediatricians in Training Group"; 49% participated in continued training programs, with a growing tendency to participation through-out the residency (p <0.01); 80% considered that the SAP is a friendly entity. We concluded that participation of residents in the SAP is scarce during the first two years of training, and that it shows a growth in the senior residents' group. Encouraging the interest of first and second year residents in the activities is necessary.

Impact of a brief intervention on the burnout levels of pediatric residents.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate burnout prevalence among pediatric residents and to evaluate the impact of a brief intervention aimed at controlling burnout. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 74 pediatric residents. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to all subjects, and demographic information was gathered (age, gender, children, cohabitants, and residency year). The experimental group (n = 37) participated in self-care workshops over the course of 2 months, and the control group (n = 37) did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, the Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered again to all participants. All potential predictors of burnout were included in a logistic regression model. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated by the chi-square test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The burnout prevalence among pediatric residents was 66%. After controlling for age, gender, children, and cohabitants, the prevalence of burnout was significantly higher among third-year residents (odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval 2.3-59.3; p = 0.003). There were no significant differences regarding burnout prevalence in the experimental group between the baseline and post-intervention periods (p = 0.8) or between the two groups after intervention (p = 0.8). The only difference observed was an improvement regarding "depersonalization" in the experimental group (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The burnout prevalence among pediatric residents was 66% and was higher among third-year residents. A brief intervention was not effective in reducing burnout prevalence, despite the achievement of an improvement in "depersonalization."

Impacto de uma intervenção breve nos níveis de burnout de residentes pediátricos / Impact of a brief intervention on the burnout levels of pediatric residents

OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de burnout entre residentes pediátricos e avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção breve voltada para o controle da doença. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo controlado randomizado em 74 residentes de pediatria. Todos preencheram o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach, e foram coletadas informações demográficas (idade, sexo, filhos, coabitantes e ano de residência). O grupo experimental (n = 37) participou de oficinas de autocuidado durante 2 meses, e o grupo controle (n = 37) não recebeu nenhuma intervenção. Após a intervenção, os participantes preencheram novamente o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach. Todos os potenciais preditores de burnout foram incluídos em um modelo de regressão logística. A eficácia da intervenção foi avaliada pelo teste qui-quadrado. Os valores p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de burnout entre residentes pediátricos foi de 66%. Após controle para idade, gênero, filhos e coabitantes, a prevalência de burnout foi maior entre residentes do terceiro ano (razão de chances = 11,8; intervalo de confiança de 95% 2,3-59,3; p = 0,003). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na prevalência de burnout no grupo experimental entre os períodos inicial e pós-intervenção (p = 0,8) ou entre os dois grupos após a intervenção (p = 0,8). A única diferença observada foi uma melhora quanto à "despersonalização", no grupo experimental (p = 0,031). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de burnout entre residentes pediátricos foi de 66%, sendo maior entre os residentes do terceiro ano. Uma intervenção breve não foi eficaz na redução da prevalência de burnout, apesar da melhora no quesito "despersonalização".

OBJECTIVES: To estimate burnout prevalence among pediatric residents and to evaluate the impact of a brief intervention aimed at controlling burnout. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 74 pediatric residents. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to all subjects, and demographic information was gathered (age, gender, children, cohabitants, and residency year). The experimental group (n = 37) participated in self-care workshops over the course of 2 months, and the control group (n = 37) did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, the Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered again to all participants. All potential predictors of burnout were included in a logistic regression model. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated by the chi-square test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The burnout prevalence among pediatric residents was 66%. After controlling for age, gender, children, and cohabitants, the prevalence of burnout was significantly higher among third-year residents (odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval 2.3-59.3; p = 0.003). There were no significant differences regarding burnout prevalence in the experimental group between the baseline and post-intervention periods (p = 0.8) or between the two groups after intervention (p = 0.8). The only difference observed was an improvement regarding "depersonalization" in the experimental group (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The burnout prevalence among pediatric residents was 66% and was higher among third-year residents. A brief intervention was not effective in reducing burnout prevalence, despite the achievement of an improvement in "depersonalization.".

[Validation of a clinical prediction rule to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis]. / Validación de una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar meningitis bacteriana de meningitis aséptica.

INTRODUCTION: Despite most meningitis are not bacterial, antibiotics are usually administered on admission because bacterial meningitis is difficult to be rule-out. Distinguishing bacterial from aseptic meningitis on admission could avoid inappropriate antibiotic use and hospitalization. We aimed to validate a clinical prediction rule to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis in children, on arriving to the emergency room. METHODS: This prospective study included patients aged < 19 years with meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood neutrophil count were obtained from all patients. The BMS (Bacterial Meningitis Score) described by Nigrovic (Pediatrics 2002; 110: 712), was calculated: positive CSF Gram stain= 2 points, CSF absolute neutrophil count > or = 1000 cells/mm(3), CSF protein > or = 80 mg/dl, peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count > or = 10.000/mm(3), seizure = 1 point each. Sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) of the BMS to predict bacterial meningitis were calculated. RESULTS: Seventy patients with meningitis were included (14 bacterial meningitis). When BMS was calculated, 25 patients showed a BMS= 0 points, 11 BMS= 1 point, and 34 BMS > or = 2 points. A BMS = 0 showed S: 100%, E: 44%, VPP: 31%, VPN: 100%, RVP: 1,81 RVN: 0. A BMS > or = 2 predicted bacterial meningitis with S: 100%, E: 64%, VPP: 41%, VPN: 100%, PLR: 2.8, NLR:0. CONCLUSIONS: Using BMS was simple, and allowed identifying children with very low risk of bacterial meningitis. It could be a useful tool to assist clinical decision making.

Validación de una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar meningitis bacteriana de meningitis aséptica / Validation of a clinical prediction rule to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis

La mayoría de las meningitis en la infancia no son bacterianas, pero la dificultad en descartar tal etiología obliga con frecuencia a utilizar antibióticos inicialmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar, en nuestro medio, una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar la etiología de las meningitis en niños a su ingreso al hospital. Método. Estudio prospectivo que incluyó pacientes menores 19 años de edad con diagnósitco de meningitis. En todos se obtuvo líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) para análisis directo, citoquímico y cultivo, y hemograma. Se calculó el BMS (Bacterial Meningitis Score: puntaje de meningitis basteriana) descripto por Nigrovic (Pediatrics 2002; 110:712): tinción de Gram en LCR positiva = 2 puntos; proteinorraquia mayor o igual 80 mg/dl, neutrófilos en sangre periférica mayor o igual 10000/mn3, neutrofilos en LCR mayor o igual 1000/mm3, convulsiones, un punto cada uno. Se calculó sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo y negativo (VPP y VPN) y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa (RVP y RVN)del BMS para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Resultados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con meningitis (14 bacterianas) veinticinco pacientes presentaron BMS=0 puntos, 11 BMS=1 punto, y 34 BMS mayor o igual 2 puntos. Un BMS=0 evidenció S: 100 por ciento E: 44 por ciento, VPP; 31 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 1,81 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Un BMS mayor o igual 2 mostró S: 100 por ciento, E: 64 por ciento, VPP: 41 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 2,8 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Conclusión: La utilización del BMS fue simple y permitió identificar pacientes con bajo riesgo de meningitis bacteriana. Su empleo podría constituir una herramienta útil en la toma de decisiones clínicas.

Validación de una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar meningitis bacteriana de meningitis aséptica / Validation of a clinical prediction rule to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis

La mayoría de las meningitis en la infancia no son bacterianas, pero la dificultad en descartar tal etiología obliga con frecuencia a utilizar antibióticos inicialmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar, en nuestro medio, una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar la etiología de las meningitis en niños a su ingreso al hospital. Método. Estudio prospectivo que incluyó pacientes menores 19 años de edad con diagnósitco de meningitis. En todos se obtuvo líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) para análisis directo, citoquímico y cultivo, y hemograma. Se calculó el BMS (Bacterial Meningitis Score: puntaje de meningitis basteriana) descripto por Nigrovic (Pediatrics 2002; 110:712): tinción de Gram en LCR positiva = 2 puntos; proteinorraquia mayor o igual 80 mg/dl, neutrófilos en sangre periférica mayor o igual 10000/mn3, neutrofilos en LCR mayor o igual 1000/mm3, convulsiones, un punto cada uno. Se calculó sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo y negativo (VPP y VPN) y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa (RVP y RVN)del BMS para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Resultados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con meningitis (14 bacterianas) veinticinco pacientes presentaron BMS=0 puntos, 11 BMS=1 punto, y 34 BMS mayor o igual 2 puntos. Un BMS=0 evidenció S: 100 por ciento E: 44 por ciento, VPP; 31 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 1,81 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Un BMS mayor o igual 2 mostró S: 100 por ciento, E: 64 por ciento, VPP: 41 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 2,8 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Conclusión: La utilización del BMS fue simple y permitió identificar pacientes con bajo riesgo de meningitis bacteriana. Su empleo podría constituir una herramienta útil en la toma de decisiones clínicas.(AU)

Pediatric hospitalizations associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: While the Northern Hemisphere experiences the effects of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, data from the recent influenza season in the Southern Hemisphere can provide important information on the burden of disease in children. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case series involving children with acute infection of the lower respiratory tract or fever in whom 2009 H1N1 influenza was diagnosed on reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assay and who were admitted to one of six pediatric hospitals serving a catchment area of 1.2 million children. We compared rates of admission and death with those among age-matched children who had been infected with seasonal influenza strains in previous years. RESULTS: Between May and July 2009, a total of 251 children were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza. Rates of hospitalization were double those for seasonal influenza in 2008. Of the children who were hospitalized, 47 (19%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, 42 (17%) required mechanical ventilation, and 13 (5%) died. The overall rate of death was 1.1 per 100,000 children, as compared with 0.1 per 100,000 children for seasonal influenza in 2007. (No pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza were reported in 2008.) Most deaths were caused by refractory hypoxemia in infants under 1 year of age (death rate, 7.6 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza was associated with pediatric death rates that were 10 times the rates for seasonal influenza in previous years.