ABSTRACT
51 enfants souffrant de SIDA; hospitalises entre janvier 1991 et septembre 1992 dans le service de pediatrie du CHU-Tokoin (Lome); ont fait l'objet d'une analyse retrospective epidemiologique et clinique. Le sex-ratio a ete de 0;8 et l'age moyen de 25;64 mois (extremes: 2 mois et 15 ans). L'infection a HIV 1 s'est averee predominante (100 pour cent des cas). Sept enfants avaient un double profil serologique HIV1-HIV2. Diarrhee trainante; candidose oropharyngee; adenopathies; malnutrition proteino-energetique de type marasme et infections respiratoires (a germes banals et tuberculose pulmonaire) ont ete les dominantes pathologiques observees
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Diarrhea, Infantile , Infant , Respiratory Tract Diseases , TogoABSTRACT
Streptococcus of group B found in the upper respiratory tract, the genito-urinary tract and the intestines of humans and animals is responsible for peri- and neonatal infections with serious outcomes: septicemia, meningitis. In Togo, the high frequency of neo-natal infections brought us to question the importance of streptococcus B in the mother-child couple at birth and to undertake a study conducted simultaneously in two maternities in the city of Lomé. During 8 weeks, from 19 March-19 May we studied 100 mother-child couples and 300 placentas. The following laboratory samples were taken: from the mother a vaginal smear during labor at 5 cm dilatation and rectal swabbing, from the new-born, a swabbing of the outer ear canal and an aspiration of gastric liquid, a fragment of the placenta taken under conditions of surgical asepsis. The results obtained prove that streptococcus B play an important role in the mother-child couple in Togo. The authors propose that more systematic research be conducted on children at birth with regard to this issue.
Subject(s)
Carrier State/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Ear Canal/microbiology , Female , Gastrointestinal Contents/microbiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Placenta/microbiology , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Rectum/microbiology , Togo/epidemiology , Vagina/microbiologyABSTRACT
A study on tetanus toxoid immunity in mothers and their children by passive hemagglutination using "Vacci T Pasteur" was conducted in two stages: an initial study of 100 mothers and their newborns was conducted with no particular selection criteria used. Tetanus toxoid titers were measured on serum directly for the mothers and on whole blood using filter paper for the children; a second study of 100 mothers and children was conducted using defined criteria for enrollment. Blood was drawn directly from the veins of both the mother and child in this study. Titers were measured for both mother and child on serum. In both studies it was verified that the pregnant women has good vaccination coverage. However, the study of immunity levels among the newborns showed different results in the two studies. The authors discuss the reasons for these differences and formulate recommendations for an use of these tests during sero-epidemiologic studies in tropical climates.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Tetanus Toxoid/immunology , Tetanus/immunology , Vaccination , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Hemagglutination Tests , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , TogoABSTRACT
The cerebrospinal fluids of 920 Senegalese patients with purulent meningitis wee examined by latex particle agglutination (LA) and the results were compared with those of conventional bacteriology and of counter immuno electro phoresis (C.I.E.). For all three organisms taken globally, CSF culture was positive in 72.7% of the patients, the LA test in 78.8% and the C.I.E. test in 89.0%. The LA test was positive in 17.9% of subjects with negative CSF culture. When the results wee analysed for each organism separately, the LA test was positive in 69.3%, 74.7% and 85.9% respectively of patients with meningococcal, pneumococcal and H. influenzae b meningitis. False agglutinations were found in 6.7% of meningitis due to other pathogens. Cross-reactions and autoagglutinations were rare (0.4% and 3.7% respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, simplicity and rapidity of the LA test make it extremely useful for the diagnosis of purulent meningitis, particularly in Africa.
