Gender dysphoria in Klinefelter's syndrome: three cases.

BACKGROUND: Previous reports have found the incidence of gender dysphoria in Klinefelter's patients greater than in the general male population. METHODS: A cohort of patients with gender dysphoria was reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 220 patients with gender dysphoria, three had Klinefelter's syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: These three reports are further examples of gender dysphoria in Klinefelter's syndrome. The role of biological factors in gender identity is affirmed. Caution is urged in prescribing testosterone.

Reversible dysphasia and statins.

This paper presents a case of reversible dysphasia occurring in a patient prescribed atorvastatin in combination with indapamide. A milder dysphasia recurred with the prescription of rosuvastatin and was documented on clinical examination. This resolved following cessation of rosuvastatin. The case highlights both a need for a wider understanding of potential drug interactions through the CYP 450 system and for an increased awareness, questioning and reporting of drug side-effects.

The spectral bandshape of the ν(3) (1136 cm(-1)) vibration of oxygen in silicon and dilute silicon-germanium alloys.

At room temperature, the ν(3) (1136 cm(-1)) absorption band of oxygen in silicon and Si(1 - x)Ge(x) alloys consists of dozens of components, masking the properties of the individual transitions. Here, experimental data are presented for the evolution of the ν(3) band in the temperature range 0 < T < 300 K and the composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.066. The vibrational potential for Si:O is developed to provide accurate fits to the absorption data. The potential predicts properties consistent with published studies, including hydrostatic stress experiments. Extending the model to Si(1 - x)Ge(x) allows the properties of the alloy-induced O(i)-I, O(i)-II and O(i)-III components to be investigated accurately to higher values of x than hitherto. The properties of O(i)-I are understood as perturbations by Ge atoms of Si:O, and O(i)-III is rationalized in terms of off-axis movement of the O atom resulting from the nearby Ge atom. Challenges to theory are: the behaviour of O(i)-II, understanding the strain fields generated by Ge atoms in Si, and the reduced coupling of the ν(2) and ν(3) modes with increasing amplitude in the ν(2) mode.

Luminescence-lifetime mapping in diamond.

This paper introduces a new technique to the study of diamonds: mapping the luminescence lifetime of optical centres. The understanding of luminescence lifetimes in diamond is briefly reviewed. Since lifetime mapping involves extended measuring times with focused laser excitation, the stability of the H3 optical centre is investigated. We show that saturation of the H3 luminescence requires excitation power densities in excess of 10 MW cm(-2). The non-radiative energy transfer time from an H3 centre to an A aggregate is found to be equal to that from N3 centres to A aggregates, at ∼3 × 10(-16)r(8) s, where there are r bond lengths between the H3 and A centres. Non-radiative energy transfer is shown to occur from the NV(-) band to the single substitutional nitrogen atoms: the single N atoms may quench luminescence as well as the A aggregates of nitrogen. In contrast, a comparison of the decays from the very similar H3 and H4 centres demonstrates that the B aggregate produces very weak quenching of the visible luminescence from diamond.

The Violence Risk Scale Second Edition (VRS-2) as a predictor of institutional violence in a British forensic inpatient sample.

This study examined the utility of The Violence Risk Scale 2nd Edition (VRS-2) [Wong, S., Gordon, A., 1999. Manual for the Violence Risk Scale. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada] as an institutional violence risk predictor. The VRS-2 and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) were rated independently from pre-admission/admission case records in 147 patients in a medium security facility. Inpatient aggression post-admission was recorded by an independent researcher. Aggressive patients had significantly higher scores on both measures. The VRS-2 and the PCL: SV were only modest predictors of inpatient aggression. The VRS-2 putative "dynamic" items showed the highest predictive accuracy. The results tentatively support the use of the VRS-2 as a predictor of inpatient violence in mentally ill patients in medium security settings, with the dynamic component of this instrument showing most promise. Further studies validating this instrument are required before it is adopted into routine clinical practice.

Isotope dependence of the lifetime of the vibration of oxygen in silicon.

By simply changing the isotopes of the Si atoms that neighbor an oxygen Oi atom in crystalline silicon, the measured decay rate tau of the asymmetric-stretch vibration (nu3=1136 cm-1) of oxygen (Oi) in silicon changes by a factor of approximately 2.5. These data establish that nu3 decays by creating one nu1 symmetric-stretch, local-vibrational mode of the Si-Oi-Si structure. If the residual energy (nu3-nu1) is less than the maximum frequency num of the host lattice, as for 28Si-16O-28Si in natural silicon, then it is emitted as one lattice mode, and tau depends on the density of one-phonon states at nu3-nu1. If (nu3-nu1)>num, as for 16O in single-isotope 30Si silicon, two lattice modes are created in addition to nu1, increasing tau. Prediction of tau for a particular defect clearly requires a detailed knowledge of that defect.

Psychopathy and institutional outcome in patients with schizophrenia in forensic settings in the UK.

This study examined the institutional outcomes (12 weeks post-admission) of 134 male patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) in a medium secure unit in the UK. High psychopathy scorers (HP) were more likely to be violent, non-compliant with programmes, engage in substance misuse violations, have criminal attitudes/peers and have low levels of insight into risk and violence. Psychopathy was also a modest predictor of institutional outcome in these domains.