[Algorithm for artificial teeth size estimation according to face morphological features in patients with complete adentia]. / Algoritm opredeleniia razmerov iskusstvennykh zubov po morfometricheskim parametram litsa u liudei s polnoi adentiei.

The aim of the study was to improve the prosthetic treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth, taking into account the development of an algorithm for determining the size of artificial teeth by the morphometric parameters of the face. The study involved 76 elderly and senile adults with a full adentia of permanent teeth, who turned to the clinic for a prosthetic treatment. The results of examination and orthopedic treatment of this category of patients made it possible to develop an algorithm for determining the size of artificial teeth during prosthetics of dentition defects, taking into account the original correction factors obtained by calculation and analytical methods using mathematical-graphic modeling. The algorithm is based on the optimal ratio of diagonal facial parameters on both sides and the sum of the mesial-distal dimensions of 14 artificial teeth on the upper jaw, taking into account the correction factor of 2.2. The sum of the width of the artificial teeth of the frontal part on the upper jaw correlates with the total width of the crowns of 14 artificial teeth, taking into account the correction coefficient of 2.45. The value of the intermaxillary correction factor at a ratio of the width of 14 artificial teeth on the upper jaw to the similar dimensional characteristics of artificial teeth on the lower jaw is 1.07. Thus, to determine the size of artificial teeth in the design of denture prostheses, it is mathematically tested and clinically justified the advisability of using diagonal facial parameters and corresponding original correction factors.

[Variations of oral fluid microbiota in healthy children and adolescents]. / Varianty mikroflory rotovoi zhidkosti u prakticheski zdorovykh detei i podrostkov.

The aim of the study was to establish the bacterial and viral associations of saliva and the immune resistance in 127 healthy people of different ages. The analysis sorted out three variants of oral fluid microbiota differing by certain combination of indigenous and facultative microflora. It was found that with age there is a significant increase in the number of adolescents with the third variant of the microbiota, characterized by a decrease in the number of indigenous microflora and increase in opportunistic microorganisms and viruses. With an increase in microecological shifts a tendency to decrease the level of lysozyme, an increase in the number of secretory IgA, accompanied by a decrease in antibody was revealed. It has been shown that bacterial and viral component of the microbiota of the oral fluid are in a dynamic relationship with each other, as well as immune resistance and can serve as an indicator of the health level and the selection criteria at the stages of clinical examination of children and adolescents, with the risk of dental disease.

[Clinical rationale for interdisciplinary approach to treatment of dental diseases in children with chronic pathology of upper GI tract].

The article presents clinical rationale for interdisciplinary approach to treatment of dental diseases in children with chronic pathology of upper GI tract based on the morphofunctional changes of oral cavity organs. The dental markers of somatic diseases and unfavorable dynamics of the individual health level in the process of ontogenesis were determined. The results of the study allow considering the oral cavity as a target organ in chronic GI pathology.

[Evaluation of clinical efficiency of various space maintainers in premature loss of deciduous molars].

The paper presents the results of two years observation of clinical application of three variants of space maintainers in early primary molars loss. Sixty-five children aged 6-12 years were included in the study. The most common problems when using fixed space maintainers is a deformation of intermediate part seen in 58.3% of children when applying crown (ring) with bracer. Support elements debonding at stabilizing devise fixed directly to tooth enamel is registered in 49.6% of children. Cementation releasing of support elements is observed by the application of crown (ring) with bracer at 45.8% of children.

[Peculiarities of microbiological composition of oral fluid during various stages of orthodontic treatment in children and adolescents].

The article presents the results of analysis of spectrum, the rate of frequency and the amount of microorganisms in oral liquid before the beginning of orthodontic treatment of dental abnormalities and deformations and in its stages (6 and 12 months later). As the result of the study the appearance of pathologic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and a great number of conditionally-pathogenic fungi of Candida family and Porphyromonas spp. were determined. The obtained results show the need of elaboration of standards for the treatment of orthodontic patients.

[Risk and prevention of teeth fluorosis in infants by feeding pattern changes].

Effect of fluorides in drinking water on fluorine content in breast milk, the food for infants of the 1-sty year of life, was investigated. On determining fluorine concentration in urine and its excretion, fluorine intake by the infants was calculated under various alternatives (breast, mixed and artificial) of feeding. It has been found the in mixed and especially in artificial feeding, fluorine intake by the infants acquires uncontrollable character exceeding several times the dose of fluorine intake with breast milk under natural feeding. That was predominantly fluorine of drinking water. Mathematical formula for calculation of fluorine content in the food cooked for feeding of infants was elaborated. A computer program was formed be means of which calculation, control and management of fluorine intake are carried out in feeding alteration.

[Treatment of bilateral cleft lip].

UNLABELLED: Complexity of treatment of children for congenital bilateral clefts is caused by anatomical and functional impairments of the middle zone of the face present in it: splitting of the upper lip and alveolar process in 3 parts, protrusion of the intermaxillary bone, lack or hypoplasia of muscular fibers in the central portion of the lip, shortening of columella, flattering of the nose wings. THE AIM OF THE PAPER: improvement of the methods of surgical treatment of patients for congenital bilateral clefts of the upper lip to obtain higher esthetic and functional results. 62 infants aged 3-9 months with congenital bilateral clefts of the upper lip and associated nose deformation were operated. 37 children were followed up from 2 to 10 years and their long-term results were obtained. Comparative analysis of the long- term results of the patient has shown that deformation of the spitted upper lip with significantly protruded permaxilla does not allow to completely eliminate the present anatomical and functional disorders of the upper lip and nose and thus significantly reduce the efficiently of surgical treatment. Presurgical orthodontic treatment directed to subsiding of intermaxillary bone and reduction of the width of the cleft is indicated to such patients. Surgical restoration of anatomical form of the upper lip and of the function of the circular muscle of the mouth, formation of vestibule of the mouth, correction of the nose deformation allow considerably improve appearance of the patients, contribute to more proper further development of the middle portion of the face and decrease probability for secondary deformation to arise.

[Complex dental care in children and adolescents with chronic gastroduodenitis].

The parts of pathogenesis gastrointestinal diseases form relationship with changes in oral cavity. High microbial density bacterial community, consisting of conditionally-pathogenic type and occupying oral mucosa and other parts to oral cavity permits the quick development of the different forms of the pathological processes in oral cavity. The Concept preventive and medical action, conducted in oral cavity of children with chronic gastrodyodenitis, includes: undertaking the diagnostics of the change of microbiocenosis, estimations of the factors of local homeostasis with determination degree of the changes of disbiosis, the individual planning and strictly realization pathogenesis motivated complex action on treatment and preventive maintenance, observation with recommended frequency, including all mentioned elements. One of the significant problems solved by dentist and physician is a shaping among children and teenager with chronic gastritis and gastrodyodenitis, as well as their parents, installation on sound lifestyle. The Advisable frequency observations by dentist this children: in 1 year of the disease: 1 once at 3 months (4 times per annum); in 2 year of the disease: - not less 3 once a year; in 3 and the following years: not less 2 once a year.

[Prevalence and intensity of dental diseases among foreign students during their study in Russia].

The findings of complex dental study of 235 1-st and 2-nd year foreign students of TSMA were given in the article. High level of prevalence and intensity of dental diseases was found. The obtained results of the study should be used to develop measures for their future treatment and to prevent dental diseases.

[Problems of fluoride dosing to infants for dental fluorosis prevention].

Fluoride content in drinking water, breast milk, cow milk, additional food for newborns prepared with water containing different amount of fluoride was determined. Fluoride excretion in urine since the first days of birth and up to 4 months of postnatal development was investigated in breast and artificially fed infants. When a neonate was fed with breast milk, fluoride was received in the amount no more than 20 mkg/day. The additional food contained fluoride which water mainly had. Water with high level of fluorine increased its content in the additional food up to the values not comparable to those in breast milk that presented danger of dental fluorosis development. Data on fluorine content in drinking water were absolutely necessary to calculate daily fluorides consumption by infants and to prevent dental fluorosis.

[Oral cavity microbiocenose in healthy teenagers and patients with chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis].

Microbial association distinctive features and colonization degree of different oral cavity biotope were established in healthy teenagers and patients with chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis. There were studied mucous membrane surfaces of cheek, tongue, content of gingival crevice, oral fluid and dental plaque of 24 healthy persons of the age 12-17 years and 29 patients of the same age with gastritis and gastroduodenitis. On the mucous membranes of the ill teenagers there were found Porphiromonas type bacteria, 20% more Staphylococcus, 90% less Peptostreptococcus, 30% less Lactobacillus, 20% less Veillonella and Stomatococcus. In saliva anaerobic Peptostreptococcus and facultative anaerobic Streptococcus (7 lg COE/ml); Porphiromonas, Veillonella, Peptococcus and Staphylococcus (6 lg COE/ml); Neisseria (5 lg COE/ml); Stomatococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus (4.6 lg COE/ml); Lactobacillus and Candida (4 lg COE/ml) predominated. In patients with chronic pathology in all tested biotopes there was found the increase of the whole microbiota spectra (representatives of opportunistic pathogenic microfiora were detected more often) as well as the bacteria number if compared with healthy teenagers.

[Sensitivity to antibiotics monitoring of oral microflora in practically sound children and patients with chronic gastroduodenitis].

Characteristic of oral microflora in practically sound children and patients with chronic gastroduodenitis was offered. Microflora singled out from ill persons differed by pathogenicity in previously opportunistic pathogenic forms. Monitoring of sensitivity and resistivity to antibiotics of the singled out microflora in practically sound children and ill with chronic gastroduodenitis was presented. When treating oral diseases one should take into account the high resistivity to antibiotics (especially to benzilpenicillin) of opportunistic pathogenic forms.

[Fluoride tolerance in cases of dental caries and fluorosis].

32 volunteers (18-20-year-olds) without concomitant diseases were divided into 3 groups: with high caries incidence (1), with dental fluorosis of different degrees (2) and with completely intact dentition (3). Dynamics of ionized F in blood serum and mixed saliva after single sodium fluoride burden (F-dosage=0.1 mg/kg body weight) was determined 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 24 hours after per os consumption by Orion-9609-BN F-selective electrode. F bound by organic material was assayed after breaking covalent bond C-F by sodium diphenyl. It was common for all participants that wide range of sensitivity to ingested F but F-tolerance had reversed trends in caries and fluorosis. Content of organic "fluoride" in blood serum changed insignificantly. In mixed saliva the dynamics of ionized F in dental caries and fluorosis conditions followed to some extent blood serum trends.

[Fluoride metabolism in children and caries prevention]. / Osobennosti obmena ftoridov u detei pri profilaktike kariesa.

Basal mineral elements content in superficial dental enamel layers and daily urine fluoride excretion have been investigated in children using water with various level of this trace element. The investigation was carried out before and after sodium fluoride intake in the doses 1.1-1.6 mg/day. The results give evidence that differential approach to dental caries prevention with fluoride is required.

[Secondary early osteoplasty of the maxillary alveolar process in the combined treatment of patients with bilateral congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate]. / Vtorichnaia ranniaia kostnaia plastika al'veoliarnogo otrostka verkhnei cheliusti v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh s dvustoronnimi vrozhdennymi rasshchelinami verkhnei guby i neba.

Gnathometric and roentgenocephalometric studies helped reveal the pathogenesis of abnormal maxillary growth in children with bilateral clefts of the upper lip and palate. In order to improve the results of treatment of such patients, the authors propose a method of secondary early osteoplasty of the alveolar process, which may be carried out simultaneously with uranoplasty or separately. Thirty-six patients were operated on using this technique. Complete repair of the alveolar process was attained in 58.3%, partial in 30.6% patients.