[Epigenetic Mechanisms of Peptide-Driven Regulation and Neuroprotective Protein FKBP1b].

Cortexin is a clinically approved cerebral cortex polypeptide complex in calves. The mechanism of cortexin action is not understood well. Two cortexin derivatives, short peptides EDR and DS with neuroprotective activity, were synthesized. According to the data of molecular modeling, these peptides are able to bind to the histone H1.3 protein. This can affect the conformation of histone H1.3, which leads to a change in the chromatin structure in the loci of some genes, in particular Fkbp1b encoding the FK506-binding protein. Electrophysiological processes associated with the Ca^(2+) exchange are disturbed in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus during aging of the brain. The Fkbp1b gene encodes peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, regulating the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons. The activation of the Fkbp1b gene transcription under treatment with short peptides can promote the synthesis of its protein product and the activation of the Ca^(2+) release from organelles of the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons, which, in turn, can lead to an increase in the functional activity of neurons.

[The role of «Youth and aging proteins¼ in essential hypertension pathogenesis.]

Essential hypertension (EG) is an age-associated disease. Often EG of elderly patients haven't good way of treatment. Thus, the search of new target molecules for EG therapy is an actual goal of gerontology and molecular medicine. It was shown, that during EG concentrations of GDF11 «youth protein¼ decreased in 3,3 times and GDF15, JAM-A/1, CCL11 «aging proteins¼ increased in 1,4-2,4 times. EG patients have abnormal microcirculation processes. It was shown as decreasing in 1,3 and 1,7 times of hemodynamic HI1 and H1-H3 indexes. EG patients have negative correlation of GDF15 concentration with arterial pressure. EG patients have no correlation of JAM-A/1 concentration with arterial pressure. Normal is positive correlation with GDF15, JAM-A/1 concentration with arterial pressure. GDF15 blood level during EG have positive correlation with HI1-HI3 and negative correlation with NEUR_HI2 and MAYER_HI3 indexes. It can show on pathogenesis mechanisms of endothelial and smooth muscles function of vessels tissues. We suppose, that the regulation of GDF11, GDF15, JAM-A/1, CCL11 «youth and aging proteins¼ can be target object of EG therapy.

Impact of Fitness Status on the Optically Measured Hemodynamic Indexes.

The physiological characteristics of skin blood flow can be described in terms of the hemodynamic indices (HI). The HI is derived from the laser speckle characteristics, which are governed by the cutaneous blood flow. A miniaturized dynamic light-scattering sensor was used to measure the speckle pattern from the finger root. Three groups of subjects from 15 to 25 years of age were tested. The first group included subjects who are actively engaged in sport activities; the second group included subjects with low level of physical activity; and the third group included healthy controls with moderate physical activity. The HI parameters were measured prior to and after the performance of a determined physical load. As a marker of cardiovascular fitness (CVF), we used the postload decay rate of HI. We found that the hemodynamic response to the physical load provides a statistically significant correlation with the postload heart rate decay. It was also found that postocclusion increase of the arterial HI is more prominent in the group with higher physical activity. These results indicate that hemodynamic indices can be used as an additional marker for cardiovascular fitness level.

The Effect of Kinesitherapy Exercises on the Level of Irisin among Females with Cardio-vascular diseases depending on the body mass and hormonal status.

The observation was conducted on 41 female subjects age 32 to 69 with compensated cardio-vascular diseases. 23 of the subjects had an increased body mass index (BMI). It was established that the older the females the less of the irisin muscle hormone is found in the blood. In the subjects with a higher BMI the level of irisin in the blood is also higher. Direct correlations were found between the level of irisin and the level of female sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone. Under the effect of kinesitherapy exercises the level of irisin in females with normal BMI increases; whereas in the females with a higher BMI it generally stays the same or is decreased. The characteristics of irisin's response to the kinesitherapy exercises depends on its original level, the intensity of physical exercise and the subject's physique.