[Modern aspects of pathogenetic treatment of sensorineural hearing loss]. / Sovremennye aspekty patogeneticheskogo lecheniya sensonevral'noi tugoukhosti.

OBJECTIVE: Optimization of the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) using a calcium channel blocker - nimodipine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consists of experimental and clinical sections. The experiment involved 42 white outbred rats, which were used for modeling SHL according to the original method and treatment with nimodipine followed by histological control. The clinical study involved 115 patients with chronic SHL. Calcium metabolism was evaluated by quantifying the mineral density of bone tissue during osteodensitometry of the radial bones of patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Histological studies after rats were removed from the experiment showed that modeling SHL by noise exposure against the background of immobilization of experimental animals is effective and is accompanied by early signs of apoptosis of the external hair and auxiliary cells, degenerative changes in spiral ganglion neurocytes. The role of calcium metabolism disorders in the initiation of the described disorders is shown. The use of nimodipine in experimental animals reduces the severity of histological changes. When examining patients with SHL, signs of impaired calcium metabolism in bone tissue were detected in 60% of the examined patients. CONCLUSION: The obtained data determine the special role of disorders in the ratios of micro-elements in the body, especially calcium, in the development of SHL, and dictate the need for their correction using calcium channel blockers. The clinical use of nimodipine is possible both for prevention and for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.

[The problems associated with the treatment of stenosing laryngotracheitis in the children (the results of the 35 year-long experience)]. / Problemy lecheniia stenoziruiushchego laringotrakheita u detei (rezul'taty 35-letnego opyta).

Stenosing laryngotracheitis (SLT) affecting the children is considered to be an emergency pediatric condition associated with ENT pathology. Its treatment presents a serious challenge for otolaryngologists, pediatricians, specialists in communicable diseases, allergologists, etc. We have undertaken a retrospective analysis of the available data with a view to summarizing the tendencies in the evolution of SLT morbidity. The results of the 35 year-long experience with the use of the currently available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the children suffering from stenosing laryngotracheitis are presented. Special emphasis is laid on the advantages of the combined treatment of the patients presenting with this condition based at a specialized infectious department with the participation of an otorhinolaryngologist.

[Acute otitis media in children: the strategy of patient care].

Acute otitis media in children is an emergency ENT pathology encountered not only by otorhinolaryngologists but also in the practical work of general pediatrists, infectionists, allergologists, and representatives of other medical disciplines. Retrospective analysis demonstrates a progressively increasing ENT morbidity rate, especially that of non-purulent forms. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 130 emergency patients examined in the present study using PCR-testing and bacteriological methods provided data on the activity of Streptococci, Mycoplasmas, Chlamidiae, viruses, and other causative agents of ENT diseases. A strategy for the combined treatment of patients with ENT pathology in an infectious department under control of an otorhinolaryngologist is proposed taking into consideration etiology and pathogenesis of the disease.

[Electron-cytochemical distribution of acetylcholinesterase, monamine oxidase and Mg2+-ATPase in the human hypothalamus]. / Elektronno-tsitokhimicheskoe raspredelenie atsetilkholinésterazy, monoaminooksidazy i Mg2+-ATF-azy v gipotalamuse cheloveka.

The distribution of acetylcholinesterase, monoaminoxidase and ATP-ase was studied in human hypothalamus by means of electron microscopy. The study demonstrated a possibility of differentiation of the hypothalamic neurons according to phases of neurosecretion. These data were achieved on the basis of electron cytochemistry in detecting ATP-asa in the nuclei of neurons. Comparing literary data concerning the nonmediator role of acetyl-choline and catecholeamines with personal studies, the authors demonstrate the internal and external barrier functions of acetylcholinesterase and monoamineoxidase in the brain.