Primary Pulmonary Tumors in Pediatric Population: Imaging Markers for Predicting Histology.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to review the imaging features of proven pediatric primary lung tumors, with a purpose of detecting key distinguishing features among the various entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed multidetector computed tomography (CT) images of 17 pediatric patients with primary lung tumors. For each examination, various CT image descriptors were used to characterize the pulmonary nodules/masses; including location, size, number, morphology, cavitation, calcification, intense enhancement, airway involvement, chest wall/pleural involvement, mediastinal/vascular involvement, and nodal enlargement. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 18 years (mean age of 9.5 years). Approximately 35.3% of tumors were benign and 64.7% were aggressive/malignant. Nine distinct histopathologic tumor entities were found. Common tumor types were recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (4) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (4) with two endobronchial tumors including carcinoid and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Besides invasion and nodal enlargement, large size and central location (P < 0.05) were predictors of aggressiveness/malignancy. Multiple lesions and cavitation (P < 0.05), on the other hand, were frequent in benign lesions. CONCLUSION: On imaging, location and morphological markers can allow diagnosis in majority of the tumors.

Imaging in Pediatric Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children tends to be more severe than the adults. It can affect almost any organ system of the body. The clinical manifestations are often non-specific. Imaging findings are also not always very specific. This article describes the imaging spectrum of pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis.