Intensity of overground robotic exoskeleton training in two persons with motor-complete tetraplegia: a case series.

INTRODUCTION: Participation in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) is recommended to reduce chronic disease risk in individuals with tetraplegia. Assessing exercise intensity using traditional methods, such as heart rate, may be inaccurate in patients with motor-complete tetraplegia due to autonomic and neuromuscular dysfunction. Direct gas analysis may be more accurate. Overground robotic exoskeleton (ORE) training can be physiologically demanding. Yet, its utility as an aerobic exercise modality to facilitate MVPA in patients with chronic and acute motor-complete tetraplegia has not been explored. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the results of two male participants with motor-complete tetraplegia who completed one ORE exercise session while intensity was assessed using a portable metabolic system and expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs). METs were calculated using a rolling 30-s average with 1 MET defined as 2.7 mL/kg/min and MVPA defined as MET ≥ 3.0. Participant A (28-year-old) with a chronic (12 yrs) spinal cord injury (C5, AIS A) completed 37.4 min of ORE exercise (28.9 min walking) achieving 1047 steps. Peak METs were 3.4 (average 2.3) with 3% of walk time spent in MVPA. Participant B (21-year-old) with an acute (2 months) spinal cord injury (C4, AIS A) completed 42.3 min of ORE exercise (40.5 min walking) achieving 1023 steps. Peak METs were 3.2 (average 2.6) with 12% of walk time spent in MVPA. Both participants tolerated activity well without observed adverse responses to activity. DISCUSSION: ORE exercise may be an effective aerobic exercise modality that may increase participation in physical activity in patients with motor-complete tetraplegia.

Transulnar access for coronary intervention in a 23-year-old with accelerated coronary atherosclerosis due to congenital aortic hypoplasia.

The use of alternative arterial access and advanced imaging is not only applicable to mainstream adult cardiology, but helpful and sometimes necessary in taking care of adult patients with complex congenital heart disease.