A Tale of Two Tweets: What Factors Predict Forgiveness of Past Transgressions on Social Media?

As more of our lives take place online, it is increasingly common for public figures to have their current image tarnished by their mistakes and transgressions in what is often the distant past. Three experiments (N = 2,296) found that judgments of a public figure who tweeted racist statements in the past were less harsh when more time had passed and when the public figure was younger at the time of the tweet. However, politics also played a powerful role. Independent of time and age, liberals allowed less possibility of redemption for anti-Black tweets, while conservatives were less forgiving for anti-White tweets. Such partisan differences extended not only to moral judgments of the individual, but also general moral principles and participants' subjective perceptions of the situation itself, including subjective temporal distance from the tweet, the subjective age of the public figure, and the current relevance of the past statements.

Far away or yesterday? Shifting perceptions of time for political ends.

Voters evaluate political candidates not only based on their recent record but their history, often faced with weighing the relevance of long-past misdeeds in current appraisal. How should a distant transgression be taken to reflect on the present? Across multiple years, political figures and incidents, we found that people's subjective perceptions of time concerning political candidate's histories can differ radically, regardless of objective fact; political bias shapes people's perception of the time of things past. Results showed that despite equidistant calendar time, people subjectively view a favored politician's successes and opposing politician's failures as much closer in time, while a favored politician's failures and opponent's success seem much further away. Studies 1-3 tested the proposed phenomena across distinct (real and hypothetical) political contexts, while Study 4 tested the causal effects of temporal distance framing. Study 5 provided a final preregistered test of the findings. Overall, we demonstrate that partisans can protect their candidates and attack opponents by shifting their perception of time.

Patient-reported reasons for and predictors of noncompliance with compression stockings in a randomized trial of stockings to prevent postthrombotic syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Elastic compression stockings (ECSs) are used to treat symptoms of venous insufficiency. However, lack of patient compliance can limit their effectiveness. In a secondary analysis of the SOX Trial, a randomized trial of active vs. placebo ECSs worn for 2 years to prevent postthrombotic syndrome after deep vein thrombosis, we aimed to describe patient-reported reasons for nondaily use of ECS and to identify predictors of noncompliance during follow-up. METHODS: At each follow-up visit of the SOX Trial, patients were asked how many days per week they wore study stockings, and if not worn daily, to specify the reason(s). Reasons for nondaily use of ECSs were tabulated. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of stocking noncompliance during follow-up (defined as use <3 days per week). RESULTS: Among the 776 patients who attended at least 1 follow-up visit, daily use of stockings at each visit was similar in the active and placebo ECS groups. Reasons for nondaily use of stockings was most frequently related to aversive aspects of stockings (~three-fourths of patients) and less often related to patient behaviors (~one-fourth of patients). In multivariate analyses, behavior-related and aversive aspect-related reasons for nondaily use of ECSs at the 1-month visit were significant predictors of noncompliance during follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 4.41 [95% confidence interval, 2.12-9.17] and OR = 3.99 [2.62-6.08], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Aversive aspects of ECSs and patient behaviors are important reasons for noncompliance. Improving the appeal and tolerability of ECS and education directed at modifying patient behaviors may improve compliance.

Building without a plan: the career experiences of Australian strength and conditioning coaches.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the career experiences of Australian strength and conditioning coaches. Six Australian strength and conditioning coaches (mean age = 33.7 years, SD = 6.0 years) with a mean of 10.4 (SD = 4.9) years experience working with elite Olympic and professional athletes were interviewed about their experiences of career development. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and analyzed to produce key themes and subthemes relating to (a) work environments, (b) sport management practice, (c) career development processes, and (d) career building strategies. The work environments of Australian strength and conditioning coaches were found to be poor because of long working hours and irregular human resource policy and management practices of sport organizations. Because of the volatile and unpredictable nature of their working conditions, the coaches interviewed have only a short-term view of their career creating considerable stress in their lives. The coaches interviewed found it difficult to develop their careers because their only options were self-supported and self-funded professional development activities. The coaches in this study believed that more needed to be done at a policy and management level by sport organizations and their professional body to enhance the career development of strength and conditioning coaches because they play a key role in both athlete and sport organization performance. These results may help sport organizations develop policies and management practices that enhance the careers of strength and conditioning coaches and will have important practical implications for the education and development of sport professionals.

Immunohistochemical characterization of cloned lamb nephropathy.

Kidneys from lambs derived by nuclear transfer are frequently abnormal and are characterized by an enlarged pelvis and narrow medulla, consistent with lower urinary tract obstruction and development of variable hydronephrosis. The precise pathogenesis of this entity is unknown. Immunohistochemical staining for intermediate filaments was used to further characterize the lesions seen in this condition and was compared with age-matched control tissue. Major findings were upregulation of cytokeratin on damaged tubules, desmin and vimentin in undifferentiated mesenchyme, and smooth muscle actin in mesenchyme and on smooth muscle "collars" around dilated tubules. In addition, some cases showed reexpression of vimentin and desmin on proximal tubular epithelial cells. Taken together, these findings provide a valuable database for tracking the expression of intermediate filaments throughout renal development in sheep and have further characterized the nature of the response to injury by the developing kidney, a response that is characterized by proliferation of mesenchyme and both reexpression and upregulation of intermediate filaments within renal cells. In addition, the study has confirmed that the changes in cloned lamb nephropathy are established by day 85 of development.