ABSTRACT
Objective: Frailty is a syndrome that predisposes older individuals to adverse health outcomes, such as disability, dependence, falls, hospitalization, post-operative complications, and poor health in general. This study aimed to identify factors associated with frailty in older people with chronic diseases in Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a nonprobabilistic sample of 230 older people (aged ⩾ 60 years) from four Colombian cities. Frailty was based on Fried's phenotype (frail defined as having ⩾3 criteria). Comorbidities were classified based on Charlson's Comorbidity Index and key questionnaires for activities of daily living (ADLs) were evaluated. Results: Most were female (57.8%) with a mean ± SD age of 71.9 ± 8 years. Among them, 27.4% were frail and 58.7% were prefrail. Female gender, age ⩾ 75 years, low educational and socioeconomic level, dependence on ADLs, and cognitive impairment were associated with higher odds of prefrailty/frailty. Conclusions: Prefrailty and frailty are common among older people with chronic diseases in Colombia. This syndrome is associated with social and health-related conditions, which should be addressed when providing care for these patients.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un trastorno res-piratorio caracterizado por síntomas clínicos y compromiso funcional que afecta la ca-pacidad aeróbica limitando las actividades cotidianas y la calidad de vida. La prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (C6M) es una prueba sencilla y de bajo costo que evalúa la capa-cidad de los pacientes para realizar sus actividades cotidianas. Objetivo: evaluar la re-lación entre la capacidad aeróbica medida por la distancia recorrida en la C6M y el se-xo, edad, disnea y comorbilidades cardiometabólicas en pacientes con EPOC. Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo, basado en pruebas de caminatas de 6 minutos (C6M) realizadas en pacientes con EPOC. Resultados: se evaluaron 101 pacientes, hombres (63,4%), con una edad promedio de 74,1±8,7 años. Al correlacionar C6M con otras variables se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La distancia media recorrida fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres (DM: 58,3 metros, IC 95%; 16 - 100,6, p=0,007). Los pacientes < 75 años, sin comorbilidades y disnea < 2 tu-vieron mejor desempeño en la C6M que los > 75 años (DM; 62,012 metros IC 95% 21,5 - 102,4, p=0,003), con comorbilidades (DM: 42,2 metros, IC 95%, 0.003 - 84,4; p=0,050) y disnea ≥ 2 (DM: 65,8 IC 95% 23,9 - 107,6, p=0,002). Conclusiones: el sexo femenino, la presencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular y metabólica, y la edad se asocian con dis-minución en la capacidad física aeróbica y funcional en los pacientes con EPOC. (AU)
Introduction: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder characterized by clinical symptoms and functional impairment that affects aerobic capacity, limiting daily activities and quality of life. The 6-minute walk test (C6M) is a simple, low-cost test that assesses a patient's ability to perform their daily activities. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between aerobic capacity measured by the distance covered in the C6M and gender, age, dyspnea and cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with COPD. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study, based on 6-minute walk tests (C6M) performed in patients with COPD. Results: 101 male patients (63.4%), with a mean age of 74.1 ± 8.7 years, were evaluated. When correlating C6M with other variables, statistically significant differences were found. The mean distance traveled was greater in men than in women (MD: 58.3 meters, 95% CI: 16 - 100.6, p=0.007). Patients <75 years old, without comorbidities and dyspnea <2 had better performance in the C6M than those >75 years old (MD; 62 meters CI 95% 21.5 - 102.4, p=0.003), with comorbidities (MD: 42.2 meters, 95% CI, 0.003 - 84.4; p=0.050) and dyspnea ≥ 2 (MD: 65.8, 95% CI 23.9 - 107.6, p=0.002). Conclusions: female sex, the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidity, and age are associated with decreased aerobic and functional physical capacity in patients with COPD. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology , Dyspnea/pathology , Walk Test/methods , Quality of Life , Comorbidity , Colombia , Age GroupsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the relationship between social and environmental determinants and the practice of physical activity in pregnant women. Materials and methods: Cross-section study conducted in pregnant women with no contraindication to physical activity; these women came for prenatal consultation and were affiliated to two healthcare providers in Barranquilla and Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Sampling was intentional. The social and demographic characteristics were evaluated, as well as the levels of physical activity and the perception of socio-environmental factors, including neighborhood infrastructure, esthetic considerations, the social environment, road connectivity, safety and surrounding traffic conditions. The raw Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated. Results: Out of 228 pregnant women, 208 were included in the analysis. 62% of the pregnant women fail to comply with the physical activity recommendations for maintaining their health. Some of the socio-environmental factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle in pregnancy are: living far away to walk to shops and supermarkets (OR = 5.1; 95 % CI: 2.8-9.4); poor sidewalk conditions (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI: 1.9-6.3); few people exercising around the neighborhood (OR = 4.1; 95 % CI: 2.2-7.5); not safe to walk during the day or evening (OR = 3.6; 95 % CI: 1.9-6.4). Conclusion: The perception of the socio-environmental characteristics is associated with physical activity in pregnant women. Interventions are needed to improve the socio-environmental characteristics that impact the perception of the population about these factors, in order to assess its impact on the physical activity of pregnant women.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre factores socioambientales y la práctica de actividad física en mujeres embarazadas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal realizado en mujeres gestantes sin contraindicaciones para realizar actividad física, que asistían a la consulta prenatal, pertenecientes a dos instituciones de salud de la ciudad de Barranquilla y otra de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. El muestreo fue intencional. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, los niveles de actividad física y la percepción de factores socioambientales como infraestructura del barrio, las cualidades estéticas, el ambiente social, la conexión entre las calles, la seguridad y tráfico en el barrio. Se estimó la razón de odds (OR). Resultados: De un total de 228 mujeres gestantes se incluyeron 208 en el análisis. El 62% de las gestantes no cumplen las recomendaciones de actividad física para mantener su salud. Entre los factores socioambientales relacionados con la inactividad física de las embarazadas están el residir a mucha distancia de tiendas y supermercados para ir caminando (OR = 5,1; IC 95 %: 2,8-9,4); presencia de aceras en mal estado en las calles (OR = 3,4; IC 95 %: 1,9-6,3); pocas personas físicamente activas en el barrio (OR = 4,1; IC 95 %: 2,2-7,5); inseguridad en el día y en la noche para caminar (OR = 3,6; IC 95 %: 1,9-6,4). Conclusión: La percepción de las características socioambientales está asociada a la actividad física de las gestantes. Se requieren intervenciones que mejoren las características socioambientales que afectan la percepción de estos factores en la población, para evaluar su efecto en la actividad física de las gestantes.
