ABSTRACT
Scientific research based on medicinal plants has been highlighted as a complementary treatment to T2DM, stand out the Vochysiaceae family, which have been widely used in folk medicine by traditional South American communities to treat some diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antiglycation activities of ethanol extracts of leaves (LF) and stem barks (SB) of Vochysiaceae species, evaluated their capacities to inhibit glycoside and lipid hydrolases related to T2DM and molecular identification by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Our main findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of four of eight analyzed plants such as LF and SB of Q. grandiflora, Q. parviflora, V. elliptica and Calisthene major exhibited, respectively, potential of α-amylase inhibition (IC50 of LF: 5.7⯱â¯0.6, 4.1⯱â¯0.5, 5.8⯱â¯0.5, 3.2⯱â¯0.6 and IC50 of SB: 3.3⯱â¯0.7, 6.2⯱â¯2.0, 121.0⯱â¯8.6 and 11.2⯱â¯2.8⯵g/mL), capacities of antioxidant (ORAC of LF: 516.2⯱â¯0.1, 547.6⯱â¯4.9, 544.3⯱â¯6.1, 442.6⯱â¯2.4 and ORAC of SB: 593.6⯱â¯22.3, 497.7⯱â¯0.8, 578⯱â¯12.3, 593.6⯱â¯19.5⯵mol trolox eq/g; FRAP of LF: 796.1⯱â¯0.9, 427.7⯱â¯22.0, 81.0⯱â¯1.9, 685⯱â¯37.9 and FRAP of SB: 947.4⯱â¯24.9, 738.6⯱â¯24.3, 98.8⯱â¯7.9, 970.8⯱â¯13.9⯵mol trolox eq/g; DPPH IC50 of LF: 14.2⯱â¯1.8, 36.3⯱â¯6.9, 11.8⯱â¯1.9, 13.3⯱â¯1.2 and DPPH IC50 of SB: 16.0⯱â¯3.0, 15.5⯱â¯1.9, 126.1⯱â¯23. 6, 5.3⯱â¯0.3⯵g/mL, respectively) and antiglycation (BSA/Frutose IC50 of LF: 43.1⯱â¯3.4, 52.1⯱â¯6.0, 175.5⯱â¯32, 8, 111.8⯱â¯14.7 and BSA/Frutose IC50 of SB:, 40.1⯱â¯11.9, 51.2⯱â¯16. 7, 46.6⯱â¯5.7, 53.5⯱â¯13.6⯵g/mL) and presence of polyphenols, such as flavonoids and condensed tannins. The extracts presented low ability to inhibit α-glycosidase and lipase enzymes in the initial assays, with values below 40% of inhibition. In BSA/methylglyoxal, only Q. grandiflora SB, V. eliptica LF and V. tucanorum LF showed activity (IC50: 655.5⯱â¯208.5, 401.9⯱â¯135.2 and 617.1⯱â¯80.6⯵g/mL, respectively) and only C. major LF and SB, in Arg/methylglyoxal (IC50: 485.1⯱â¯130.8 and 468.0⯱â¯150.5⯵g/ml, respectively). This study presented new findings about the biological and pharmacological potential of some species of Vochysiaceae family, contributing to the understanding of the action and efficacy in use of these plants, in their management of postprandial hyperglycemia and in glycation and oxidative processes that contribute to managing diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Glycation End Products, Advanced/antagonists & inhibitors , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry , Myrtales/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Enzyme Assays , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification , Lipase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phytochemicals/isolation & purification , Plant Bark/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , alpha-Amylases/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The search was conducted in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, Embase, Web of Science, and OpenGrey), without restriction on publication period or language. Studies that showed the prevalence of oral lesions manifested in adult HIV-positive patients, subjected or not to HAART, were selected. The meta-analysis estimate of relative risk was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method and DerSimonian and Laird estimator to determine the variance between studies in the random-effects model. The meta-analysis showed significant results in favour of the group on HAART, with lower prevalence for angular cheilitis, erythematous candidiasis, oral herpes, pseudomembranous candidiasis, Kaposi sarcoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia. The prevalence of oral mucosal hyperpigmentation was higher in patients on HAART. These results suggest that the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients is lower for those on HAART, which might occur because of the improvement in immunity provided by the therapy.
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Temporomandibular joint luxation (TMJ) is the excessive anterior translation of the mandibular condyle out of its normal range of movement and away from the glenoid fossa. Once dislocation occurs, the abnormal condylar position generates reflex contractions of the masticatory muscles, which in turn hinder movement of the condyle back to its resting position. Frequent luxation episodes characterize a condition referred to as recurrent TMJ luxation. While there are several surgical and conservative therapeutic options available for recurrent TMJ luxation, a robust, evidence-based rationale for choosing one technique over another is missing. Thus, a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement was proposed in an attempt to determine which therapeutic option results in the longest time to relapse. There is no good quality evidence on which treatment options guarantee the long-term elimination of recurrent TMJ luxation. In cases of post-surgical relapse, eminectomy has often been used as a 'rescue procedure', which may mean that surgeons empirically consider this treatment to be the 'gold standard' for addressing recurrent TMJ luxation.
