ABSTRACT
Uncommon conditions such as pernicious anaemia and hypertrophic gastropathies have been considered as risk factors for gastric cancer; however, the exact increase in risk is unknown. Menetrier's disease is a rare hyperproliferative disorder of the stomach caused by an overexpression of tumour growth factor α, a ligand for the tyrokinase epidermal growth factor receptor, resulting in a selective expansion of surface mucous cells in the body and fundus of the stomach. There have been nearly 200 cases of Menetrier's disease reported in the literature yet less than 15 have been associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. Here, we report an early stage gastric adenocarcinoma detected incidentally in a patient recently diagnosed with Menetrier's disease.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although sentinel lymph node biopsy technique is the gold standard in the management of malignant melanoma and is gradually replacing conventional axillary dissection in breast cancer, its use in colorectal cancer is still controversial. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of sentinel node biopsy in the management of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: Consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma without preoperative evidence of nodal or distant metastatic disease were included. Intraoperative subserosal injection of 1 mL of isosulfan blue (Lymphazurin) was performed around the tumor in cases of colon cancer and ex-vivo infiltration was used for rectal cancer after resection was completed. Blue stained nodes were dissected and submitted for routine pathology exam. If nodes were deemed negative for neoplasm, immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin was performed. The specimen and non-stained nodes were resected and processed in the usual fashion. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were calculated and adverse effects to the blue dye were registered. RESULTS: Ten patients were included with at least one sentinel lymph node identified in each. Mean number of sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes were 2.5 and 15.6 per patient, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the sentinel node after immunohistochemistry were both 100%. There were no adverse effects caused by the dye. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in colorectal cancer is feasible, has a high diagnostic accuracy and is harmless.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Background. Although sentinel lymph node biopsy technique is the gold standard in the management of malignant melanoma and is gradually replacing conventional axillary dissection in breast cancer, its use in colorectal cancer is still controversial. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of sentinel node biopsy in the management of colorectal carcinoma. Methods. Consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma without preoperative evidence of nodal or distant metastatic disease were included. Intraoperative subserosal injection of 1mL of isosulfan blue (Lymphazurin ®) was performed around the tumor in cases of colon cancer and ex-vivo infiltration was used for rectal cancer after resection was completed. Blue stained nodes were dissected and submitted for routine pathology exam. If nodes were deemed negative for neoplasm, immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin was performed. The specimen and non-stained nodes were resected and processed in the usual fashion. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were calculated and adverse effects to the blue dye were registered. Results. Ten patients were included with at least one sentinel lymph node identified in each. Mean number of sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes were 2.5 and 15.6 per patient, respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the sentinel node after immunohistochemistry were both 100%. There were no adverse effects caused by the dye. Conclusions. Sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in colorectal cancer is feasible, has a high diagnostic accuracy and is harmless.
Introducción. A pesar que la técnica de biopsia del ganglio centinela es el estándar de oro en el manejo del melanoma maligno y que gradualmente está reemplazando la disección axilar convencional en el cáncer mamario, existe controversia en el uso de esta técnica en cáncer colorrectal. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la factibilidad y seguridad de la técnica del ganglio centinela en el manejo del carcinoma colorrectal. Métodos. Pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de carcinoma colorrectal sin evidencia preoperatoria de metástasis ganglionares o distantes fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se realizó inyección subserosa intraoperatoria de 1 mL de azul de isosulfán (Lymphazurin ®) alrededor del tumor en los casos de cáncer colónico e infiltración ex vivo fue empleada en casos de cáncer rectal una vez finalizada la resección. Los ganglios teñidos de color azul fueron disecados y enviados para examen rutinario de patología. Si los ganglios eran negativos para neoplasia se estudiaban mediante inmunohistoquímica para citoqueratinas. Los ganglios no teñidos fueron resecados y procesados de manera rutinaria. Se calcularon la sensibilidad y el valor predictivo negativo y se registraron los efectos nocivos del colorante azul. Resultados. Se incluyeron diez pacientes, encontrándose por lo menos un ganglio centinela en cada uno de ellos. El promedio de ganglios centinela y no-centinela identificados por paciente fue de 2.5 y 15.6, respectivamente. Tanto la sensibilidad como el valor predictivo negativo del ganglio centinela después de la tinción con inmunohistoquímica fueron del 100%. No se registraron efectos adversos causados por el colorante. Conclusiones. El uso de la técnica de biopsia del ganglio centinela en cáncer colorrectal es factible, tiene alta exactitud diagnóstica y es inocua.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Feasibility Studies , Pilot Projects , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: No cases of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection have been reported in transplant patients. METHODS: A 42-year-old man received a renal transplant 8 months earlier because of terminal glomerulonephritis and was admitted with cough, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colon wall thickening. While under rapamycin (2 g/day), cyclosporine A (4.4 mg/kg/day), and prednisone (100 mg/day) therapy, he developed Banff grade IB graft rejection and was treated with methylprednisolone (1 g/day) for 3 days and oral prednisone (60 mg/d). RESULTS: Microbiologic studies were inconclusive, and biopsy specimens of ileum, colon, liver, and the grafted kidney revealed numerous gram-positive microsporidia spores. Parasitophorous vacuoles containing various developing stages of Encephalitozoon were seen. Immunofluorescence studies identified the etiologic agent as E. cuniculi. Albendazole therapy resulted in clinical improvement but no eradication after 10 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes what is, to the authors' knowledge, the first case of disseminated E. cuniculi infection in a kidney transplant human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient from Mexico.