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1.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 13: 870172, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35928898

ABSTRACT

Clinically silent corticotroph tumors are usually macroadenomas that comprise 20% of ACTH tumors. They frequently progress to aggressive tumors with high recurrence, invasiveness, and on rare occasions, they may become hormonally active causing Cushing's disease. Trustable biomarkers that can predict their aggressive course, as well as their response to traditional or new therapies, are paramount. Aberrant ß-Catenin expression and localization have been proposed as responsible for several malignancies including pituitary tumors. Nevertheless, the role of ß-Catenin in the aggressive transformation of silent corticotropinomas and their response to Temozolomide salvage treatment have not been explored yet. In this work, we present a case of a silent corticotroph tumor that invaded cavernous sinus and compressed optic chiasm and, after a first total resection and tumor remission it recurred six years later as an aggressive ACTH-secreting tumor. This lesion grew with carotid compromise and caused Cushing's signs. It required multiple medical treatments including Cabergoline, Ketoconazole, TMZ, and radiotherapy. Besides, other two surgeries were needed until it could be controlled. Interestingly, we found α-SMA vascular area reduction and differential ß-Catenin cell localization in the more aggressive tumor stages characterized by high Ki-67 indexes and p53 expression. Our results may indicate a role of angiogenesis and ß-Catenin trigged events in the pituitary tumor progression, which could in turn affect the response to TMZ and/or conventional treatments. These molecular findings in this unusual case could be useful for future management of aggressive pituitary tumors.


Subject(s)
Adenoma , Pituitary Neoplasms , Adenoma/pathology , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism , Corticotrophs/metabolism , Corticotrophs/pathology , Humans , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , Temozolomide/therapeutic use , beta Catenin/metabolism
2.
Pituitary ; 16(3): 303-10, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22886682

ABSTRACT

The role of angiogenesis in human pituitary tumor progression is questioned. Our aim was to characterize the morphologic changes that occur in the vasculature of pituitary adenomas, in correlation with the expression of nestin, a protein found in endothelial cells of newly formed vessels of developing organs. We also evaluated the relation of angiogenic markers and nestin with Ki-67 index. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin embedded samples of 47 pituitary adenomas and six normal pituitaries. We determined microvessel density (number of CD31+ or CD34+ vessels per square millimetre), vascular area (cumulative area occupied by vessels), average vessel size, and further classified vessels as small (< 100 µm2) or large (> 100 µm2). We correlated the above parameters with nestin expression and Ki-67 index. Lower vascular area compared to normal tissue was found in adenomas (p < 0.05). Interestingly, pituitary adenomas had significantly more small vessels than control pituitaries (p < 0.04 for CD31 and CD34). In tumors many capillaries were positive for nestin, while scarce staining was detected in controls, so that nestin positive area was significantly higher in tumors. Furthermore, nestin area correlated positively with the % of small vessels. Ki-67 correlated neither with vascular area nor with nestin expression. In human pituitary tumors there was a predominance of small capillaries in correlation with increased expression of the progenitor marker nestin. We suggest that angiogenesis is an active process in these tumors, in spite of their low total vascular area when compared to normal pituitaries.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/metabolism , Nestin/metabolism , Pituitary Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Blood Vessels/metabolism , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , In Vitro Techniques , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Middle Aged , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Young Adult
3.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 25(1): 31-38, ene.-mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-605647

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar en la casuística de los últimos 5 años las distintas variantes que serían determinantes de su desarrollo, agresividad, invasión. Recidivas, la coexistencia con otras patologías, del tratamiento realizado, y efectuar una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura. Material y método: en el período 2005-2009, fueron intervenidos, quirúrgicamente 76 pacientes con diagnóstico de Meningioma, se hallaron 5 con grado II-III. En ellos se consideraron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, localización, diagnóstico histopatológico, Ki 67, genética y biología molecular, tratamiento quirúrgico, recidiva, radioterapia, terapéutica hormonal y asociación a otras patologías. Resultados: los 5 pacientes (7%) con diagnóstico histológico de Meningiomas agresivos fueron de sexo femenino (100% de los casos), con una edad media de 51 años. En cuanto a la localización: 3 casos se originaron en la hoz cerebral, 1 caso a nivel de la convexidad y 1 caso a nivel columna dorsal. En el 100% de las muestras se realizó Ki 67, EMA, VIM, y receptores a progesterona. La anatomía patológica reveló 4 atípicos y 1 anaplásico. El 90% de los casos presentó recidiva. El tratamiento fue resección quirúrgica seguido de radioterapia postrecidiva, excepto a nivel espinal. En una paciente se asoció a cáncer de mama y otra a cirugía de absceso cerebral. Conclusión: factores genéticos, hormonales y de reparación celular se asocian a la formación de estos tumores. Los actuales avances en biología molecular permitirán tratamientos seleccionados para cada paciente según las características tumorales, hasta la llegada de ese futuro, la cirugía seguida de radioterapia, continúa siendo el tratamiento de elección...


Subject(s)
Meningioma , Molecular Biology , Therapeutics
4.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(3): 111-116, jul.-sept. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583691

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Reportar 2 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt y realizar una revisión de la literatura de esta infrecuente patología. Descripción. Caso 1: Paciente femenina de 21 años de edad que consulto por oftalmoplejía dolorosa de 72 hs de evolución sin compromiso visual. Se realizó IRM de encéfalo que evidenció el engrosamiento difuso con realce postcontraste del seno cavernoso izquierdo. Se interpretó el cuadro como un STH. Caso 2: Paciente masculino de 45 años de edad que consultó por oftalmoplejía dolorosa de 2 meses de evolución y amaurosis del ojo derecho. Se le solicitó IRM de encéfalo que evidenció el engrosamiento difusodel seno cavernoso derecho. La retinografía evidenció la atrofia de la papila de dicho ojo. El cuadro se interpretó como un STH asociado a una neuritis óptica homolateral. Intervención. Caso 1. Inicio tratamiento con corticoides y carbemazepina lográndose a los 3 meses recuperación total sin recaídas posteriores. Caso 2. Se inicio tratamiento con corticoides. Actualmente se encuentra en control por consultorios presentando mejoría significativa de los síntomas sin mejoría de la amaurosis de ingreso. Conclusión. El STH es una entidad poco frecuente, con un probable origen autoinmunitario. Existen diversas causas que pueden simular este síndrome. Es mandatorio el análisis exhaustivo de estos pacientes, a fin de descartar otras patologías.


Subject(s)
Neuralgia , Ophthalmoplegia , Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
5.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(3): 111-116, jul.-sept. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-125297

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Reportar 2 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt y realizar una revisión de la literatura de esta infrecuente patología. Descripción. Caso 1: Paciente femenina de 21 años de edad que consulto por oftalmoplejía dolorosa de 72 hs de evolución sin compromiso visual. Se realizó IRM de encéfalo que evidenció el engrosamiento difuso con realce postcontraste del seno cavernoso izquierdo. Se interpretó el cuadro como un STH. Caso 2: Paciente masculino de 45 años de edad que consultó por oftalmoplejía dolorosa de 2 meses de evolución y amaurosis del ojo derecho. Se le solicitó IRM de encéfalo que evidenció el engrosamiento difusodel seno cavernoso derecho. La retinografía evidenció la atrofia de la papila de dicho ojo. El cuadro se interpretó como un STH asociado a una neuritis óptica homolateral. Intervención. Caso 1. Inicio tratamiento con corticoides y carbemazepina lográndose a los 3 meses recuperación total sin recaídas posteriores. Caso 2. Se inicio tratamiento con corticoides. Actualmente se encuentra en control por consultorios presentando mejoría significativa de los síntomas sin mejoría de la amaurosis de ingreso. Conclusión. El STH es una entidad poco frecuente, con un probable origen autoinmunitario. Existen diversas causas que pueden simular este síndrome. Es mandatorio el análisis exhaustivo de estos pacientes, a fin de descartar otras patologías.(AU)


Subject(s)
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome , Ophthalmoplegia , Neuralgia
6.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 21(3): 117-119, jul.-sept. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-511271

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Presentation of two cases of a pathology of the skull base of very low frequency in world-wide literature. Material and methods: First case: male patient, 25 years old. The RMN of brain showed a lesion in selar, supra and paraselar location. Second case: female patient, 40 years old. The RMN of brain showed right temporal lesion with adjacent bone commitment. Results: Both patients were treated surgically, anatomopathologyic diagnosis was giant cells tumor (GCT). Conclusion: The GCT are generally benign, locally aggressive, the surgical excision has proved to be the most effective treatment. The presentation of this work is due to the scant bibliography reported until the moment on GCT of the skull base.


Subject(s)
Giant Cell Tumors , Granuloma , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Radiotherapy
7.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 18(3): 105-108, jul.-sept. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-390627

ABSTRACT

Objective: to present a 38 year old female patient, with central diabetes insipidus, panhipopituitarims, and severely impaired vision. Description: magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large mass involving the hypothalamus, infundibulum, optic nerves, and chiasm. Intervention: at surgery the optic pathways were found to be grossly involved within the inflammatory mass. Histological examination demonstrated anonspecific, mixed inflammatory infiltrate, composed predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. She responded dramatically to dexamethasone, with mass reduction on serial imaging studies and vision improvement. In addition, she received hormone replacement therapy. Infundibulohypophisitis is a rare disease. Surgical biopsy and dexamethasone were an effective treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Dexamethasone , Hypothalamic Neoplasms , Pituitary Diseases
8.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 18(3): 105-108, jul.-sept. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-3341

ABSTRACT

Objective: to present a 38 year old female patient, with central diabetes insipidus, panhipopituitarims, and severely impaired vision. Description: magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large mass involving the hypothalamus, infundibulum, optic nerves, and chiasm. Intervention: at surgery the optic pathways were found to be grossly involved within the inflammatory mass. Histological examination demonstrated anonspecific, mixed inflammatory infiltrate, composed predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. She responded dramatically to dexamethasone, with mass reduction on serial imaging studies and vision improvement. In addition, she received hormone replacement therapy. Infundibulohypophisitis is a rare disease. Surgical biopsy and dexamethasone were an effective treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hypothalamic Neoplasms , Dexamethasone , Pituitary Diseases/diagnosis , Pituitary Diseases/surgery , Pituitary Diseases/therapy
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