ABSTRACT
Review of the normal anatomy of the coxofemoral joint in broiler chickens aged seven weeks and comparison with cases of so-called "hip-dislocation" revealed that the lesion is essentially an avulsion of the articular cartilage of the femoral head, traumatically caused by the manner of catching and handling of birds. No direct relationship to dyschondroplasia (osteochondrosis) was established.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular/injuries , Chickens , Femur Head/injuries , Hip Dislocation/veterinary , Poultry Diseases , Animals , Chickens/anatomy & histology , Hip Dislocation/etiology , Hip Dislocation/pathology , Hip Joint/anatomy & histology , Poultry Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Sterba's technique to detect neurosecretory substances was applied to carotid body tissue, surrounding branchial derivatives, ganglion nodosum and the carotid arterial wall. Mainly a yellowish-green, a yellowish-red and a bright yellow fluorescence was observed as well as greenish-yellow fibres with varicosities and terminal knobs. The metachromatic reaction of the technique was briefly discussed.
Subject(s)
Carotid Body/analysis , Animals , Carotid Body/cytology , Chickens/anatomy & histology , Chickens/metabolism , Histocytochemistry , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Ultimobranchial Body/analysisABSTRACT
10 clinically healthy white leghorn males were utilised for this investigation. Apart from toluidine blue-pyronin-stained Araldite sections, uranyl acetate and lead monoxide staining revealed three types of epithelioid cells. Nuclear and cytoplasmic contents, especially three types of granules, conveniently designated as q, r and p granules, are described in detail and tabulated. Technical difficulties in obtaining carotid body tissue as well as clear-stained sections for ultastructural studies are mentioned.
Subject(s)
Carotid Body/ultrastructure , Chickens/anatomy & histology , Animals , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Organoids/ultrastructureABSTRACT
A dislocated elbow of a male elephant calf (Loxodonta africana) in the Addo Elephant National Park resulted in it being harassed by other elephants and consequently leaving its maternal herd at the age of 6 years, rather than the more usual age of 9-10 years. In the absence of large predators the elephant had survived for 9 years and had adapted its locomotion and intraspecific behaviour to its injury. The humeral joint of the affected forelimb was carried in partial extension while the cubital and carpal joints were permanently in partial flexion. Substantial secondary osteoarthritic changes, extensive fusion and compensatory remodelling of the humerus, radius and ulna had taken place together with compensatory development in the musculature. The planes of articulation of the limb bones had also been considerably rotated inward.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal , Elephants , Forelimb/injuries , Joint Dislocations/veterinary , Social Behavior , Animals , Forelimb/pathology , Gait , Joint Dislocations/pathology , Joints/pathology , MaleABSTRACT
The histotopography of the silvery-white glistening carotid body and the branchial derivates in the cranial thoracic inlets as well as the histocytology of the particular organ were revealed by various microtechniques. Three types of randomly distributed epithelioid cells, many capillaries, and small and large sinuses are observable. Myelinated fibres are sparsely distributed. 25 clinically healthy white leghorn males were used for this investigation.
Subject(s)
Carotid Body/cytology , Chickens/anatomy & histology , Animals , Arterioles/cytology , Carotid Arteries/cytology , Connective Tissue Cells , Cytological Techniques , Epithelial Cells , Fibroblasts/cytology , Male , Muscle, Smooth/cytology , Nerve Fibers/cytology , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/cytologyABSTRACT
The anatotopography of cranial thoracic inlets, the carotid body and associated structures in the caudal pole of the thyroid gland are described. The source from which the various groups of fowls (n = 65) were obtained as well as the varied localisation of the carotid body are indicated. In this investigation, the carotid body was found to be situated mostly (49 cases) either on or in the immediate vicinity of blood vessels (carotid and inferior thyroid artery) and only in 14 cases in close association with the parathyroids.
