ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity is often associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The food industry and the associated research activities focus on formulating products that are a perfect mix between an adequate fat content and health. We evaluated whether a diet enriched with Bio-Oil Spread (SD), an olive oil-based innovative food, is cardioprotective in the presence of high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats were fed for 16 weeks with normolipidic diet (ND; fat: 6.2%), HFD (fat: 42%), and ND enriched with SD (6.2% of fat + 35.8% of SD). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters were measured. Heart and liver structures were analyzed by histochemical examination. Ischemic susceptibility was evaluated on isolated and Langendorff-perfused cardiac preparations. Signaling was assessed by Western blotting. Compared to ND rats, HFD rats showed increased body weight and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Morphological analyses showed that HFD is associated with heart and liver modifications (hypertrophy and steatosis, respectively), lesser evident in the SD group, together with metabolic and anthropometric alterations. In particular, IGF-1R immunodetection revealed a reduction of hypertrophy in SD heart sections. Notably, SD diet significantly reduced myocardial susceptibility against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) with respect to HFD through the activation of survival signals (Akt, ERK1/2, and Bcl2). Systolic and diastolic performance was preserved in the SD group. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that SD may contribute to the prevention of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular alterations typical of severe obesity induced by an HFD, including the increased ischemic susceptibility of the myocardium. Our results pave the way to evaluate the introduction of SD in human alimentary guidelines as a strategy to reduce saturated fat intake.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control , Olive Oil/administration & dosage , Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Abdominal Fat/physiopathology , Adiposity , Animal Feed , Animals , Apoptosis , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diet, High-Fat , Disease Models, Animal , Dyslipidemias/blood , Dyslipidemias/etiology , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Glucose Intolerance/etiology , Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control , Isolated Heart Preparation , Lipids/blood , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/blood , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/blood , Obesity, Abdominal/etiology , Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Ventricular Function, Left , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
Bigels are biphasic systems produced with an organogel (or oleogel) and a hydrogel mixed together at high shear rates. These systems are promising for different uses, among them the formulation of new cosmetic matrices for cosmetic agents delivery is under investigation. In the present paper, a common cosmetic formulation for skin care was enriched with increasing fractions of monoglycerides of fatty acids/olive oil organogels, in order to understand the rheology and the microstructure of these systems. Small amplitude oscillation tests, NMR-self diffusion analysis, contrast phase microscopy and electric conductivity confirmed that the addition of the organogel caused a microstructural change of the starting material, which turned from O/W to a more complex system where, probably, a matrix-in-matrix structure is present at the highest fractions of added organogel.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Monoglycerides/chemistry , Olive Oil/chemistry , Skin Cream/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
The main aim of this study was the investigation of the rheological properties of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) obtained from subjects admitted to blood donors, associated with the lipid profile of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglyceride (TG) and Total Cholesterol (TOT-C). The deformability index of RBCs was determined by using a Dynamic Stress Rheometer (DSR-500) under oxidative injury induced by 2.2'-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). An increased rigidity of RBCs in subjects with borderline level of hyperlipidemia was found, compared with the control group. In order to explain the reason for the reduced deformability, a borderline group was studied for the evaluation of anionic permeability on membrane, haemolysis and morphological changes induced by AAPH, as well as ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs) generation. Haemolysis by AAPH indicated a decrease of globular resistance in the borderline group, furthermore, the elevated values of TBARs suggested lipid peroxidative damage to the RBCs membrane associated with morphological changes and anion permeability alterations. Our study shows the correlation between biochemical and morphological parameters of RBCs and their rheological behavior during oxidative injury. Rheological studies might be useful as a clinical and diagnostic monitoring technique and provide support for further research.
Subject(s)
Erythrocytes/drug effects , Free Radicals/metabolism , Rheology , Erythrocyte Count , Hemolysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
In the oro-maxillo-facial pathology it may be useful to perform hematochimical and saliva tests which can clarify the kind of the pathology and which can be used in the post-surgical follow-up because of incidental modifications. Saliva compliance and viscosity and blood hemorrheology variations always result lower than in normal population. The Authors are going to value which kind of oro-maxillo-facial pathologies shows a significant reduction of saliva elastoviscosity and blood hemorrheology. Yet, in a further study, they will try to explain that reduction and the connection with the specific pathology and the medical and/or surgical treatment.
