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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(12)2024 Jun 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38928422

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the potential of selected compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro through pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyses, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. In silico molecular docking simulations revealed promising ligands with favorable binding affinities for Mpro, ranging from -6.2 to -9.5 kcal/mol. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stability of protein-ligand complexes over 200 ns, maintaining protein secondary structures. MM-PBSA analysis revealed favorable interactions between ligands and Mpro, with negative binding energy values. Hydrogen bond formation capacity during molecular dynamics was confirmed, indicating consistent interactions with Mpro catalytic residues. Based on these findings, selected ligands show promise for future studies in developing COVID-19 treatments.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Coronavirus 3C Proteases , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , SARS-CoV-2 , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Humans , Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors , Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry , Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors/chemistry , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hydrogen Bonding , Ligands , COVID-19/virology , Protein Binding
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(17)2022 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36077329

ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmit several human pathogens that cause millions of deaths worldwide, mainly in Latin America. The indiscriminate use of insecticides has resulted in the development of species resistance to some such compounds. Piperidine, a natural alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum, has been used as a hit compound due to its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. In the present study, piperidine derivatives were studied through in silico methods: pharmacophoric evaluation (PharmaGist), pharmacophoric virtual screening (Pharmit), ADME/Tox prediction (Preadmet/Derek 10.0®), docking calculations (AutoDock 4.2) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on GROMACS-5.1.4. MP-416 and MP-073 molecules exhibiting ΔG binding (MMPBSA -265.95 ± 1.32 kJ/mol and -124.412 ± 1.08 kJ/mol, respectively) and comparable to holo (ΔG binding = -216.21 ± 0.97) and pyriproxyfen (a well-known larvicidal, ΔG binding= -435.95 ± 2.06 kJ/mol). Considering future in vivo assays, we elaborated the theoretical synthetic route and made predictions of the synthetic accessibility (SA) (SwissADME), lipophilicity and water solubility (SwissADME) of the promising compounds identified in the present study. Our in silico results show that MP-416 and MP-073 molecules could be potent insecticides against the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Insecticides , Animals , Computational Biology , Humans , Insecticides/pharmacology , Juvenile Hormones , Larva , Piperidines/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
5.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 41(12): 2175-81, 2003 Jun 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12821243

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that exercise-related periodic breathing (EPB) would be associated with poor prognosis in advanced chronic heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND: Patients with CHF might present instability of the ventilatory control system characterized by cyclic waxing and waning of tidal volume (periodic breathing [PB]). This condition is associated with several deleterious circulatory and neuro-endocrine responses; in fact, PB in awake and asleep patients has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiac death. During exercise, however, the prognostic value of PB is still unknown in CHF patients awaiting heart transplantation. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with established CHF (65 male, 19 female) were submitted to clinical evaluation, echocardiogram, ventricular scintigraphy, determination of resting serum norepinephrine levels, and an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on cycle ergometer. Patients were followed for up to 49.7 months (median = 15.3), and 26 patients (30.9%) died during this period. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 84 patients presented EPB (29.7%). The following variables were related to mortality according to Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox regression analysis: EPB (p = 0.004), New York Heart Association class (p = 0.04), serum norepinephrine (p = 0.06), peak oxygen uptake (ml.min(-1).kg(-1) and % predicted; p = 0.085 and p = 0.10, respectively), slope of the ratio of change in minute ventilation to change in carbon dioxide output during exercise (p = 0.10), and scintigraphic left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.10). Cox multivariate analysis identified EPB as the only independent variable for cardiac death prediction (p = 0.007). Therefore, EPB alone was associated with a 2.97-fold increase in risk of death in this population (95% confidence interval = 1.34 to 6.54). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-related periodic breathing independently predicts cardiac mortality in CHF patients considered for heart transplantation.


Subject(s)
Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Transplantation , Periodicity , Respiration Disorders/mortality , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Adult , Exercise Test , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Failure/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Preoperative Care , Reproducibility of Results , Respiration Disorders/etiology , Respiratory Function Tests , Survival Rate
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