The advertisement call of the rare casque-headed frog Nyctimantis galeata (Anura: Hylidae) from its type locality, Morro do Chapéu, Bahia, Brazil.

Nyctimantis Boulenger, 1882 was considered a monotypic genus for over a century. In a recent phylogenetic analysis of the Lophyohylini tribe with more than 96% of its representatives, Nyctimantis was redefined with the well-supported inclusion of some species from the genus Aparasphenodon, Argenteohyla and Corythomantis (Blotto et al. 2020). Therefore, the genus Nyctimantis currently consists of seven described species: N. arapapa (Pimenta, Napoli Haddad, 2009); N. bokermanni (Pombal, 1993); N. brunoi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920); N. galeata (Pombal, Menezes, Fontes, Nunes, Rocha Van Sluys, 2012); N. pomba (Assis, Santana, Silva, Quintela Feio, 2013); N. rugiceps Boulenger (1882) and N. siemersi (Mertens, 1937).

Amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin: a high diversity site in the lowland Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil.

An inventory of the amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin - REM in southern Bahia, Brazil is presented. Sixty-nine species were recorded during a ten-year sampling period. Amphibians were distributed in two orders (Gymnophiona and Anura), belonging to twelve families [Aromobatidae (1), Bufonidae (3), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (5), Eleutherodactylidae (3), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (34), Phyllomedusidae (5) Leptodactylidae (7), Microhylidae (4), Odontophrynidae (3) and Caeciliidae (1)]. Fifty per cent of the reproductive modes known for Atlantic forest anurans were recorded. While no threatened species were found at REM, six species are classified as data deficient (DD) by the Brazilian Red List of threatened species and deserve additional attention. Phasmahyla timbo and Vitreorana eurygnatha are listed as endangered in Bahia according to the list of threatened species of the state. Despite a higher diversity of amphibians in the Atlantic forest having been reported for mountainous regions, our results revealed that amphibian richness for lowland forests is also high.

The tadpole of Dendropsophus novaisi (Bokermann, 1968) (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on natural history.

Several frog species descriptions from this century provide larval morphology, acoustical, molecular, ecological and behavioral information that, together, provide a better species characterization (e.g., Glos et al. 2005; Toledo et al. 2010; Vassilieva et al. 2016). For the majority of anuran species, basic information is still lacking, despite being fundamental to understand the evolution of a taxonomic unit as well as phylogenetic relationships established between taxa. Such information can be particularly useful for species groups with unresolved taxonomic issues, such as the Dendropsophus marmoratus group (Bokermann 1964; Heyer 1977; Caramaschi Jim 1983; Gomes Peixoto 1996).

The advertisement call and comments on the distribution of Eleutherodactylus bilineatus Bokermann, 1975, an endemic frog of Bahia State, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura).

Advertisement calls can be used to aid solving taxonomic problems and understanding the evolution of certain groups. In this study, the advertisement call of Eleutherodactylus bilineatus is described. It is composed by two different notes with a total duration of 0.529-4.241 seconds and dominant frequency of 1.72-3.45 kHz. Additionally, new data is provided on the geographical distribution of Eleutherodactylus bilineatus and the most inland record for this species.