[Bladder paraganglioma: Report of two cases and a literature review.] / Paraganglioma vesical: reporte de dos casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: Description of two incidental cases of bladder paraganglioma in women and review of the published literature. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in Medline over the last 10 years according to the terms "urinary bladder" and "paraganglioma". RESULTS: Bladder paraganglioma (BP) accounts for less than 0.06% of bladder tumors and 10% of all paragangliomas. It may be sporadic or associated with hereditary predisposition syndromes such as Hereditary Paraganglioma- Pheochromocytoma Syndrome. Due to its rarity, there are no recommendations for treatment and monitoring but, their risk of malignancy forces a long-term follow up. The study of germinal mutations through massive sequencing ruled out the association with a hereditary syndrome. Initial management included early reassessment by cystoscopy, transurethral bladder resection (TURB) and imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder paragangliomas are rare tumors that can be associated to hereditary syndromes. Its treatment and follow - up must be based on a multidisciplinary approach.

OBJETIVO: Descripción de dos casos incidentales de paraganglioma vesical en mujeres y revisión de la literatura publicada.MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline en los últimos 10 años según los términos "urinary bladder" y "paraganglioma". RESULTADOS: El paraganglioma vesical representa menos del 0,06% de los tumores vesicales y el 10% de todos los paragangliomas. Suelen ser esporádicos, pudiendo también asociarse a síndromes de predisposición hereditaria como el síndrome de paraganglioma ­ feocromocitoma hereditario. Dada su baja frecuencia, no existen pautas de manejo. Su riesgo de malignización obliga a un seguimiento a largo plazo.  El estudio de mutaciones germinales mediante secuenciación masiva descartó la asociación a un síndrome hereditario. El manejo inicial incluyó reevaluación temprana mediante cistoscopia, resección transuretral vesical (RTU ­ V) e imagen. CONCLUSIONES: Los paragangliomas vesicales son neoplasias infrecuentes que pueden asociarse a síndromes hereditarios. Su tratamiento y seguimiento deberían basarse en un enfoque multidisciplinar.

[Neurofibromas in the urogenital system: Report of two cases and literature review.] / Neurofibromas en el sistema urogenital: presentación de dos casos clínicos y revisión de la bibliografía.

OBJECTIVE: We introduce two cases of a 46 and 66-year-old patient, both diagnosed with pelvic neurofibroma (One located in a seminal vesicle, the other in the bladder). The first patient had been diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis type 1 while the other was diagnosed with a sporadic neurofibroma. METHODS: During a study for lower urinary tract symptoms referred, these patients were diagnosed seminal vesicle and bladder neurofibroma, respectively, using image and histological tests. RESULTS: The histopathological and inmunohistochemical characteristics of these benign tumors gave the definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic neurofibromas are a rare entity in this anatomical location. They can be associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1 or not. We get to their diagnosis by an anatomopathological study. Conservative management is the usual procedure, being mandatory a clinical follow-up that must be coupled with image tests.

[Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: surgical technique historic evolution and present functional outcomes]. / Incontinencia urinaria tras prostatectomía radical: evolución histórica de la técnica quirúrgica y estado actual del resultado funcional.

OBJECTIVES: In patients with localized prostate cancer and life expectancy longer than 10 years, radical prostatectomy (RP) remains the Gold Standard. Radical surgery must achieve good oncological and functional outcomes with early continence and potency. In expert hands RP offers very low post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence rates. To analyze functional outcomes regarding urinary incontinence (UI) after RP in our centre in the last ten years. METHODS: We have performed a retrospective study of the 137 patients who had a radical prostatectomy (open retropubic or laparoscopic) on the General University Hospital of Elche from 1998 to 2008. Two patient groups were analyzed, patients who had surgery from 1998 to 2003, and those who had surgery from 2004 to 2008. Stress UI rates after RP were determined in both groups at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following surgery with patient pad day usage. Urethrovesical anastomosis strictures were also analyzed in each group and their resolution. RESULTS: 15 patients were excluded from the initial 137 because cT3 stage was detected, remaining 122 prostatectomies with