Physical characteristics of the eggs of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) reared in captivity / Características físicas dos ovos da perdiz vermelha (Alectoris rufa) criada em cativeiro

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da idade das fêmeas (um, dois e três anos) e do mês de postura (março, abril e maio) sobre as características físicas dos ovos da perdiz vermelha (Alectoris rufa) criada em cativeiro. O peso (W), o comprimento máximo (L) e a largura máxima (B) de 2878 ovos foram determinados diretamente, enquanto o índice de forma (B/L), o volume (V) e a superfície (S) foram calculados com base nos parâmetros determinados diretamente. A análise mostrou diferenças significativas (P<0,01) no peso dos ovos entre as diferentes idades e entre meses de postura, com menor peso nas fêmeas mais jovens. Observaram-se diferenças significativas (P<0,01) no comprimento do ovo entre as classes de idade, mas não entre os meses de postura (P>0,05). Observaram-se diferenças significativas (P<0,01) na largura máxima e no índice de forma do ovo entre as diferentes classes de idades, com valores mais elevados nas fêmeas mais velhas e no período de postura mais tardio. O volume dos ovos estimados por meio de V1= 0,51LB2e V2=0,913W foi afetado significativamente (P<0,01) pela idade e pelo mês de postura, bem como as áreas, S1=4.835W0,662, S2=4,951V10,666e S3=4,951V20,666, as quais apresentaram os mesmos efeitos.

[The Brazilian Nursing Association in the creation, implementation and development of nursing boards]. / AABEn na criação, implantação e desenvolvimento dos conselhos de enfermagem.

The Brazilian Association of Nursing (ABEn) was founded in 1926. The association has been the source for the creation of new professional organizations and the motivator of the development of the nursing profession in the country. The creation, implantation and development of the nursing boards are important achievements of ABEn. Twenty-eight years of struggle to approve the law number 5.905 of 12 July 1973, which created the nursing boards. Implantation of the Federal Board of Nursing (COFEn) and CORENS done under the leadership of ABEn. ABEn's participation in the development of the federal and regional boards of nursing. Current situation of the relationship between ABEn, syndicates, and nursing boards.

Extending breastfeeding duration through primary care: a systematic review of prenatal and postnatal interventions.

This literature review provides an overview of the effectiveness of strategies and procedures used to extend breastfeeding duration. Interventions carried out during pregnancy and/or infant care conducted in primary health care services, community settings, or hospital clinics were included. Interventions covering only the delivery period were excluded. Interventions that were most effective in extending the duration of breastfeeding generally combined information, guidance, and support and were long term and intensive. During prenatal care, group education was the only effective strategy reported. Home visits used to identify mothers' concerns with breastfeeding, assist with problem solving, and involve family members in breastfeeding support were effective during the postnatal period or both periods. Individual education sessions were also effective in these periods, as was the combination of 2 or 3 of these strategies in interventions involving both periods. Strategies that had no effect were characterized by no face-to-face interaction, practices contradicting messages, or small-scale interventions.

[Rooming-in and cesarean section in maternity hospitals in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Alojamento conjunto e parto cesáreo em maternidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To disclose the existence of rooming-in (RI) in public and government contracted private hospitals that offer obstetric beds, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to examine whether there is any association between RI and another quality care indicator which influences breastfeeding, namely the rate of cesarean section operations performed in these hospitals. METHODS: A survey was made of the existence of RI through a questionnaire sent to the Municipal Health Offices, the information collected being confirmed by telephone with each maternity hospital. The C-section rate data was obtained from the Rio de Janeiro State Health Office and divided into 2 groups: "below 40%" and "40% and above". The prevalence ratio was applied to the measurement of the association between the variables. RESULTS: A rooming-in rate of 65.2% was found for the State as a whole, with regional variations: a better situation in the capital (84.8%), an intermediate one in the interior (69.9%), and a worse one in the metropolitan belt (44.2%). The public maternity hospitals revealed a higher rate (89.7%) than that of the government contracted private hospitals (53.3%). A direct relation between the practice of RI and low C-section rates was found in the hospitals. However, this association did not present the same weight in all regions of the State. The lowest proportion of hospitals adopting RI was verified in the metropolitan belt, whereas the highest relative number of hospitals with high C-section rates was observed in the interior. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that to reverse the observed status, government authorities must fulfil their gerencial role within their own health system, as well as in the government contracted private hospitals.

[Progressive occlusive disease of the cerebral arteries associated with Down's syndrome: considerations on the etiopathogenesis]. / Doença oclusiva progressiva das arterias cerebrais associada a síndrome de Down: considerações sobre a etiopatogenia.

The case of a 5 years old child with association of "moyamoya" and Down syndrome with permeability of internal carotid, of medial and anterior cerebral arteries is reported. The authors postulate the possibility of a microcirculatory disorder in view of the distal lesion including the action of any distribution of the alterations.

[Progressive occlusive disease of cerebral arteries associated with Down's syndrome. Report of a case]. / Doença oclusiva progessiva das artérias cerebrais associada a síndrome de Down. Registro de um caso.

The case of a 5 years old child with association of "moyamoya" and Down syndrome with permeability of internal carotid, of medial and anterior cerebral arteries is reported. The authors postulate the possibility of a microcirculatory disorder in view of the distal lesion including the action of any unknown substance which constrictive action could explain the bilaterality and distribution of the alterations.