Predictive Models of Muscle Strength in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: To propose predictive models for absolute muscle strength (AMS) of elderly people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in primary health care. Patients and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 138 elderly diabetics. The AMS was measured by a JAMAR® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer, determined by the sum of both hands. The following indices were evaluated: waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Multiple linear regression was used in the statistical analysis. Results: The final regression model indicated 66.4% (R²=0.66) of the variation in AMS. WHtR decreased AMS by 41.1% (ß = -0.19; t = -3.70; p < 0.001), while PLR by 11.3% (ß = -0.12; t = -2.36; p = 0.020). Male sex increased AMS by 10.6% (ß = 0.32; t = 4.16; p < 0.001), and lean mass (LM) by 0.89% (ß = 0.46; t = 6.03; p < 0.001). Conclusion: WHtR and PLR predicted a decrease, while male sex and LM predicted an increase in AMS. It is suggested that these markers be used as screening measures for variation in AMS in older adults with DM2. These results have relevant practical application in primary health care since the markers are easy to use.

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Components in High-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Development in Older Adults.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the influence between the components of metabolic syndrome and the independent risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 205 older adults from a primary healthcare unit of the Federal District, Brazil. The cardiovascular risk was determined by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The National Cholesterol Evaluation Program for Adult Treatment Panel III 2001 (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were considered to analyze metabolic syndrome (MS) diagnoses. RESULTS: There was a strong association between MS and high cardiovascular risk (OR = 8.86). The univariate analysis main findings revealed that male gender, diabetes, smoking habit, systolic blood pressure, HDL level, high blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and LDL level were associated with high cardiovascular risk. FRS increases significantly with the presence of four or more MS components (by 30%, if 4 components are present, and by 40%, if 5 components) when compared with the presence of three or fewer components (P <0.001). A logistic regression analysis of high-risk predictors was described to reduce the effects of confounding and bias factors. CONCLUSION: The identification of MS associated with high FRS values represents a cascading of adverse effects on the population's aging process.

Influência da ozonioterapia na cicatrização de úlceras do pé diabético / Influence of ozone therapy on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers

Úlcera do pé diabético é uma das complicações de diabetes mellitus que ocorre por causas multifatoriais. A abordagem multidisciplinar e multiprofissional do paciente com pé diabético é recomendada, uma vez que a afecção possui alta prevalência e que as ações de prevenção e controle das lesões são potencialmente eficazes. Há um crescente interesse da comunidade científica e boa aceitação do tratamento com ozônio pelas revistas acadêmicas, apesar de o número de pesquisas acerca do assunto não ser amplo. Desse modo, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da ozonioterapia em pacientes com feridas do pé diabético. Metodologia: Tratou-se de revisão narrativa de literatura acerca da terapia com ozônio para tratamento de ferida do pé diabético. Foram utilizados os termos "ozônio", "ozônioterapia", "ozonização", "pé diabético", úlcera do pé diabético", bem como suas traduções para o inglês "ozone", "ozonetherapy", "diabetic foot", "diabetic foot ulcer". Foram consultadas as bases acadêmicas PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs e EBSCOhost. Resultados/Discussão: Muitas vezes o tratamento convencional para feridas é ineficiente devido à multiplicação de bactérias resistentes. Para feridas infectadas, primeiramente pode-se empregar o ozônio como desinfetante, pois o gás é tanto bactericida como fungicida, e para se obter uma ferida livre de patógenos; posteriormente, pode-se aplicar doses baixas da mistura gasosa oxigênio-ozônio para acelerar a cicatrização da lesão. Dentre as formas de tratamento com ozônio estão a utilização de óleo ozonizado sobre a ferida e a aplicação local de uma mistura de gases ozônio e oxigênio diretamente sobre a úlcera. Além disso, o ozônio funciona bem quando insuflado em microambiente controlado (saco plástico). a ozonização, quando comparada ao uso de antibióticos convencionais, pode reduzir o tamanho das lesões e abreviar o tempo de internação dos pacientes a curto prazo, mas aparentemente não promove a cura total da úlcera nem reduz o número de complicações. Conclusão: Há um crescente interesse pela comunidade científica e boa aceitação do tratamento com ozônio pelas revistas acadêmicas, apesar de o número de pesquisas acerca do assunto não ser grande. Diversos trabalhos demonstraram resultados positivos da utilização de ozônio como adjuvante da terapia convencional para úlceras do pé diabético, e concluíram que a ozonioterapia é uma ferramenta terapêutica complementar ao tratamento convencional. Apesar disso, ainda há muito a aprofundar acerca do tema e mais pesquisas devem ser conduzidas para validar a ozonioterapia na prática clínica.

Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus that occurs due to multifactorial causes. The multidisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach of patients with diabetic feet is recommended, since the condition has a high prevalence and the actions for the prevention and control of injuries are potentially effective. There is growing interest from the scientific community and Good acceptance of ozone treatment by academic journals, although the number of studies on the subject is not large. Thus, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the influence of ozone therapy in patients with diabetic foot wounds. Methodology: It was a narrative literature review about ozone therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot wounds. The terms "ozone", "ozone therapy", "ozonization", "diabetic foot", diabetic foot ulcer were used, as well as their English translations "ozone", "ozonetherapy", "diabetic foot", "diabetic foot ulcer ". The academic bases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs and EBSCOhost were consulted. Results / Discussion: The conventional treatment for wounds is often inefficient due to the multiplication of resistant bacteria. For infected wounds, ozone can first be used as a disinfectant, as the gas is both bactericidal and fungicidal, and to obtain a pathogen-free wound; subsequently, low doses of the oxygen-ozone gas mixture can be applied to accelerate the healing of the lesion. Among the forms of treatment with ozone are the use of ozonized oil on the wound and the local application of a mixture of ozone and oxygen gases directly on the ulcer. In addition, ozone works well when inflated in a controlled microenvironment (plastic bag). ozonation, when compared to the use of conventional antibiotics, can reduce the size of the lesions and shorten the patients' hospitalization time in the short term, but apparently does not promote a complete healing of the ulcer or reduce the number of complications. Conclusion: There is a growing interest in the scientific community and good acceptance of ozone treatment by academic journals, although the number of studies on the subject is not large. Several studies have shown positive results from the use of ozone as an adjunct to conventional therapy for diabetic foot ulcers, and concluded that ozone therapy is a therapeutic tool complementary to conventional treatment. Despite this, there is still much to be done about the topic and more research must be conducted to validate ozone therapy in clinical practice.

Association Between Adiposity Indices and Blood Pressure is Stronger in Sarcopenic Obese Women.

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric indices are useful to identify excess weight and poor health outcomes. Previous research showed that some indices are correlated to blood pressure (BP) among adults. Yet, these associations are poorly characterized in women with sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is characterized as the combination of sarcopenia and obesity and has been examined as an emerging cause of disorders and frailty. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the association between anthropometric indices and BP in community-dwelling women with and without SO. METHOD: 118 women (46.3 ± 15.6 years; 1.56 ± .07m; 66.9 ± 12.5kg) underwent BP and anthropometric assessments. Body weight, height, as well as waist (WC) and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-hip (WHR) and waist-toheight (WHtR) ratio were calculated. SO was identified based on median values of percent body fat and muscle mass. Partial correlation was used to assess the association between adiposity indices and BP adopting age, presence of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medication as controlling variables. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS: systolic BP was significantly higher in subjects with SO (126.4 ± 14.1 vs 121.0 ± 11.6mmHg, P = .01). Correlations between anthropometric indices and systolic BP were generally higher in women with SO, reaching statistical significance for WC (r = .39, P < .05) and WHtR (r = .30, P < .05) when age was the controlling variable. CONCLUSION: The association of adiposity indices and BP is stronger in subjects with SO when compared to those without SO.

Resistance training-induced gains in muscle strength, body composition, and functional capacity are attenuated in elderly women with sarcopenic obesity.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) on body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacity in elderly women with and without sarcopenic obesity (SO). METHODS: A total of 49 women (aged ≥60 years) were divided in two groups: without SO (non-SO, n=41) and with SO (n=8). Both groups performed a periodized RT program consisting of two weekly sessions for 16 weeks. All measures were assessed at baseline and postintervention, including anthropometry and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength (one repetition maximum) for chest press and 45° leg press, and functional capacity (stand up, elbow flexion, timed "up and go"). RESULTS: After the intervention, only the non-SO group presented significant reductions in percentage body fat (-2.2%; P=0.006), waist circumference (-2.7%; P=0.01), waist-to-hip ratio (-2.3; P=0.02), and neck circumference (-1.8%; P=0.03) as compared with baseline. Muscle strength in the chest press and biceps curl increased in non-SO only (12.9% and 11.3%, respectively), while 45° leg press strength increased in non-SO (50.3%) and SO (40.5%) as compared with baseline. Performance in the chair stand up and timed "up and go" improved in non-SO only (21.4% and -8.4%, respectively), whereas elbow flexion performance increased in non-SO (23.8%) and SO (21.4%). Effect sizes for motor tests were of higher magnitude in the non-SO group, and in general, considered "moderate" compared to "trivial" in the SO group. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that adaptations induced by 16 weeks of RT are attenuated in elderly woman with SO, compromising improvements in adiposity indices and gains in muscle strength and functional capacity.

Inflammatory status in older women with and without metabolic syndrome: is there a correlation with risk factors?

PURPOSE: To compare the inflammatory status in older women with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to correlate inflammatory parameters, anthropometric measures, metabolic profile, and blood pressure with MetS Z-score. METHODS: This cohort transversal study included 129 older women assigned into two groups: with MetS (n = 48; 66.4 ± 4.4 years; 68.1 ± 8.3 kg; 1.51 ± 0.06 m; 29.8 ± 3.9 kg/m(2)) and without MetS (n = 81; 68.0 ± 5.8 years; 61.0 ± 9.4 kg; 1.53 ± 0.06 m; 26.0 ± 3.9 kg/m(2)). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (General Electric-GE model 8548 BX1L, year 2005, Lunar DPX type, software Encore 2005; Rommelsdorf, Germany) and cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups regarding age, height, fat mass, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, older women with MetS presented higher body mass, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-hip and waist-height ratio, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, MetS Z-score, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and lower lean body mass values compared to women without MetS. Moreover, there were correlations between MetS Z-score and body mass (r = 0.20), waist circumference (r = 0.26), waist-hip (r = 0.32) and waist-height ratio (r = 0.24), blood glucose (r = 0.24), insulin (r = 0.24), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.32), triglycerides (r = 0.39), tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.28), interferon-γ (r = 0.22), and inverse correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.32). MetS Z-score was positively associated with systolic (r = 0.92), diastolic (r = 0.94), and mean blood pressure (r = 0.98). CONCLUSION: Older women with MetS have higher cytokine levels, anthropometric measures, metabolic profile, and blood pressure. Inflammatory cytokines may help to improve the understanding of the progression status of MetS in older persons.