ABSTRACT
Introduction: This manuscript describes the implementation of a Virtual Reality (VR) recreation program at long-term care sites across Ontario, Canada, using the RE-AIM Framework to guide the implementation and its evaluation. Methods: We developed a VR recreation program to enhance the lives of long-term care residents, through 3 sequential phases. In Phase 1, we learned about resident and staff needs through focus groups, staff surveys and observations. In Phase 2, we developed 10 VR experiences, based on the data from Phase 1. In Phase 3, we implemented the VR experiences and supporting manual and measured their implementation, using the RE-AIM Framework. Results: We found the VR program to be highly (but not consistently) implementable across all sites. Factors that supported implementation were the following: resident interest in the content and technology, relative ease of use for staff to implement and formally integrating VR into the recreation calendar. Factors that impeded implementation were the following: the size of the headset, inability for the headset to cast given the sites' Information Technology infrastructure and some content that was not engaging. Conclusions: VR programs are highly implementable and this implementation is enhanced by integration of the program into existing recreational systems, ease of use and resident engagement.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This paper describes the findings of a pilot implementation project that explored the potential of virtual reality (VR) technology in recreational programming to support the well-being of older adults in long-term care (LTC) homes. METHODS: 32 Adults in four LTC homes participated in a pilot implementation project where they viewed VR experiences of popular locations in Canada created especially for this project. Data in this paper are based on multiple viewing experiences (n = 102) over a two-week period. RESULTS: VR appeared to be an effective distraction from pain for the participants. Participants of this study found the VR experiences to be enjoyable and were relaxed and happy while viewing them. Most participants were attentive or focused while viewing the VR experiences, and the experiences were found to be a source of reminiscence for some of the participants. Participants related well to others around them during a majority of the experiences and the VR experiences were a point of conversation between the staff and the participants. CONCLUSION: The findings from this pilot implementation reveal that VR shows potential to enhance the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social well-being of older adults living in LTC, including those living with cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: o uso de chupetas pode trazer riscos à saúde de crianças, resultando em infecções oportunistas e acidentes. Objetivo: avaliar as condições estruturais e microbiológicas de chupetas de crianças de creches públicas e particulares da cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: trinta chupetas de crianças de creches pública (n = 15) e particular (n = 15) foram avaliadas quanto à adequação às normas brasileiras, presença de sujeira e níveis de contaminação por estreptococos do grupo mutans, Candida sp. e Enterococcus sp. Um questionário direcionado aos pais e cuidadores investigou os cuidados realizados quanto ao uso das chupetas. Resultados: as chupetas analisadas encontraram-se de acordo com a normatização vigente (100 porcento). As chupetas apresentaram-se contaminadas pelos três grupos de microrganismos estudados (>15 porcento), com maior prevalência (p < 0,05) para Candida sp (93,3 porcento). Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tipo de creche e a presença de contaminação ou sujeira das chupetas (p > 0,05). Conclusão: as condições estruturais e a contaminação das chupetas não variaram entre os tipos de creche, verificando-se que as condições de higiene e os cuidados necessários ao manejo das chupetas eram inadequados, apesar da adequação à legislação vigente. A escola e o cirurgião-dentista apresentam papel fundamental na mudança dessa condição(AU)
Introducción: el uso del chupete puede plantear riesgos para la salud de los niños, dando lugar a infecciones oportunistas y accidentes. Objetivo: evaluar las condiciones estructurales y microbiológicas de los chupetes de los niños en las guarderías públicas y privadas en la ciudad de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: treinta chupetes de niños en las guarderías públicas (n = 15) y privadas (n = 15), se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la adecuación a las normas brasileñas, la presencia de suciedad, y la presencia de contaminación por estreptococos del grupo mutans, Candida sp. y Enterococcus sp. Mediante un cuestionario dirigido a los padres y cuidadores, se investigaron los cuidados que se observan para el uso de chupetes. Resultados: los chupetes analizados cumplieron de acuerdo con la regulación actual (100 por ciento). Estuvieron contaminados por los tres grupos de microorganismos estudiados (> 15 por ciento), con mayor prevalencia (p < 0,05) para Candida sp (93,3 por ciento). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tipo de cuidado de los niños y la presencia de suciedad o contaminación de los chupetes (p > 0,05). Conclusión: las condiciones morfológicas y la contaminación de los chupetes no variaron entre los tipos de guarderías, verificando que la higiene y el cuidado necesario para la gestión de los chupetes fueron insuficientes a pesar de la adecuación a las normas brasileñas. La escuela y los dentistas tienen una importante responsabilidad en modificar esta situación(AU)
Introduction: the use of pacifiers can cause risks to children health, resulting in opportunistic infections and accidents. Objective: our paper intends to evaluate the structural and microbiological conditions of children pacifiers at public and private nursery schools, in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: thirty children pacifiers from public (n = 15) and private (n = 15) nursery schools, were evaluated considering their adequacy to Brazilian standards such as presence of dirt, and presence of infectivity by mutans streptococci group, Candida sp. and Enterococcus sp. The care provided for the use of pacifiers was asked to the parents and caregivers through a questionnaire. Results: the analyzed pacifiers met the Brazilian standards (100 percent). Pacifiers were infected by the three groups of microorganisms studied (>15 percent), with higher prevalence (p < 0.05) to Candida sp (93.3 percent). There was no statistically significant difference between the type of nursery school and the presence of dirt or infectivity of pacifiers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: the morphological conditions and contamination of pacifiers did not vary between the types of nursery schools, verifying that the necessary hygiene and care to the management of these pacifiers were inadequate despite the suitability to Brazilian standards. Sschool and dentists have an important hole in modifying this condition(AU)
